Unit 1 AP Bio Test

Nov 15th, 2023

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65 test answers

question

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

answer

question

A carbon atom is most likely to form which of the following bonds with other atoms?

answer

covalent bonds

question

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers, that is, molecules that

answer

are mirror images of one another

question

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

answer

carboxly and amino

question

Which of the following functional groups may be used to form polymers via dehydration reactions?

answer

either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups

question

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing?

answer

amino acid/polypeptide

question

Which of the following chemical equations describes a hydrolysis reaction?

answer

disaccharide + H2O monosaccharide + monosaccharide

question

Which of the following chemical equations describes a dehydration reaction?

answer

monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + H2O

question

Which of the following is a monomer used to build a biological polymer?

answer

amino acid

question

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

answer

dehydration reactions

question

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polysaccharide that is 10 monomers long?

answer

question

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

answer

the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water

question

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

answer

the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water

question

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

answer

C18H32O16

question

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by

answer

the release of a water molecule

question

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, and proteins are similar in that they

answer

are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions

question

Which of the following classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?

answer

carbohydrates

question

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a

answer

monosaccharide

question

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

answer

as a disaccharide

question

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

answer

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages

question

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is true?

answer

They are generally solid at room temperature

question

A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a

answer

fatty acid

question

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is the primary ingredient in margarine. How does hydrogenated vegetable oil differ from nonhydrogenated vegetable oil?

answer

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is solid at room temperature, whereas nonhydrogenated vegetable oil is liquid

question

Which of the following large biological molecules will self-assemble into a bilayer when mixed with water?

answer

phospholipids

question

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

answer

different side chains (R groups) attached to an ΅ carbon

question

How many peptide bonds are present in a polypeptide that contains 45 amino acids?

answer

question

Which bonds maintain the primary structure of a protein?

answer

peptide bonds

question

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

answer

hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond

question

Lactase is an enzyme composed of a single polypeptide that hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose to produce monosaccharides. The optimal pH for lactase activity is 6. Transfer of lactase to pH 5 results in a substantial decrease in enzyme activity, likely due to the disruption of

answer

the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme

question

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the

answer

overall three-dimensional shape of a fully folded polypeptide

question

Interactions between the side chains (R groups) in a polypeptide are most important in stabilizing which of the following?

answer

tertiary structure

question

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 433 amino acids would

answer

always alter the primary structure of the protein and sometimes alter its tertiary structure or function

question

Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of Ά-globin and two molecules of ΅-globin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits

answer

altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

question

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophilic amino acid such as asparagine?

answer

on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water

question

How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution?

answer

Proteins will unfold (denature)

question

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

answer

The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

question

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

answer

function in the synthesis of proteins

question

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

answer

RNA

question

A nucleotide is composed of

answer

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

question

Which of the following are pyrimidines?

answer

adenine and guanine

question

The sequence 5'-GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following?

answer

neither DNA nor RNA

question

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

answer

5'-TGCAAT-3'

question

What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 3.2?

answer

carboxyl

question

Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s) a carbonyl functional group?

answer

question

Which of the following statements regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.9 is true?

answer

Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

question

The molecule shown in Figure 3.9 is a(n)

answer

unsaturated fatty acid

question

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11 is true?

answer

It results in a peptide bond.

question

At which bond in Figure 3.12 would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the dipeptide, back to its component amino acids?

answer

question

Which bond in Figure 3.12 is closest to the amino-terminus of the molecule?

answer

question

Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides.Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?

answer

proteins

question

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to

answer

frogs than to humans

question

A beaker contains 100 mL of NaOH solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully pours into the beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the results of this mixing?

answer

The pH of the beaker's contents will decrease

question

Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted in Figure 2.7 is most likely

answer

positively charged

question

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

answer

primary level

question

A nutritional supplement developed for athletes is shown to contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Based on these data, you may safely conclude that

answer

the food may contain carbohydrates and lipids, but not protein

question

A food company wishes to convert corn oil into a spread that is solid at room temperature. One way to accomplish this goal would be to

answer

add hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules

question

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO2 + H2O----- H2CO3. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. If CO2 is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results

answer

question

Why does ice float in liquid water?

answer

Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.

question

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO2 + H2O ----- H2CO3. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. Respiring cells release CO2 into the bloodstream. What will be the effect on the pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?

answer

Blood pH will decrease slightly

question

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

answer

hydrogen bonds

question

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

answer

compounds that have polar covalent bonds

question

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

answer

polar covalent bonds

question

Which of the following are the strongest molecular interactions?

answer

covalent bonds

question

An ionic bond is formed by

answer

transfer of an electron from one atom to another

question

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

answer

the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

1 of 65

question

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

answer

question

A carbon atom is most likely to form which of the following bonds with other atoms?

answer

covalent bonds

question

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers, that is, molecules that

answer

are mirror images of one another

question

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

answer

carboxly and amino

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question

Which of the following functional groups may be used to form polymers via dehydration reactions?

answer

either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups

question

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing?

answer

amino acid/polypeptide

question

Which of the following chemical equations describes a hydrolysis reaction?

answer

disaccharide + H2O monosaccharide + monosaccharide

question

Which of the following chemical equations describes a dehydration reaction?

answer

monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + H2O

question

Which of the following is a monomer used to build a biological polymer?

answer

amino acid

question

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

answer

dehydration reactions

question

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polysaccharide that is 10 monomers long?

answer

question

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

answer

the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water

question

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

answer

the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water

question

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

answer

C18H32O16

question

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by

answer

the release of a water molecule

question

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, and proteins are similar in that they

answer

are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions

question

Which of the following classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?

answer

carbohydrates

question

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a

answer

monosaccharide

question

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

answer

as a disaccharide

question

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

answer

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages

question

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is true?

answer

They are generally solid at room temperature

question

A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a

answer

fatty acid

question

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is the primary ingredient in margarine. How does hydrogenated vegetable oil differ from nonhydrogenated vegetable oil?

answer

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is solid at room temperature, whereas nonhydrogenated vegetable oil is liquid

question

Which of the following large biological molecules will self-assemble into a bilayer when mixed with water?

answer

phospholipids

question

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

answer

different side chains (R groups) attached to an ΅ carbon

question

How many peptide bonds are present in a polypeptide that contains 45 amino acids?

answer

question

Which bonds maintain the primary structure of a protein?

answer

peptide bonds

question

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

answer

hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond

question

answer

the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme

question

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the

answer

overall three-dimensional shape of a fully folded polypeptide

question

Interactions between the side chains (R groups) in a polypeptide are most important in stabilizing which of the following?

answer

tertiary structure

question

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 433 amino acids would

answer

always alter the primary structure of the protein and sometimes alter its tertiary structure or function

question

answer

altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

question

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophilic amino acid such as asparagine?

answer

on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water

question

How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution?

answer

Proteins will unfold (denature)

question

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

answer

The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

question

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

answer

function in the synthesis of proteins

question

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

answer

RNA

question

A nucleotide is composed of

answer

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

question

Which of the following are pyrimidines?

answer

adenine and guanine

question

The sequence 5'-GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following?

answer

neither DNA nor RNA

question

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

answer

5'-TGCAAT-3'

question

What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 3.2?

answer

carboxyl

question

Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s) a carbonyl functional group?

answer

question

Which of the following statements regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.9 is true?

answer

Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

question

The molecule shown in Figure 3.9 is a(n)

answer

unsaturated fatty acid

question

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11 is true?

answer

It results in a peptide bond.

question

At which bond in Figure 3.12 would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the dipeptide, back to its component amino acids?

answer

question

Which bond in Figure 3.12 is closest to the amino-terminus of the molecule?

answer

question

answer

proteins

question

answer

frogs than to humans

question

answer

The pH of the beaker's contents will decrease

question

Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted in Figure 2.7 is most likely

answer

positively charged

question

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

answer

primary level

question

A nutritional supplement developed for athletes is shown to contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Based on these data, you may safely conclude that

answer

the food may contain carbohydrates and lipids, but not protein

question

A food company wishes to convert corn oil into a spread that is solid at room temperature. One way to accomplish this goal would be to

answer

add hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules

question

answer

question

Why does ice float in liquid water?

answer

Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.

question

answer

Blood pH will decrease slightly

question

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

answer

hydrogen bonds

question

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

answer

compounds that have polar covalent bonds

question

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

answer

polar covalent bonds

question

Which of the following are the strongest molecular interactions?

answer

covalent bonds

question

An ionic bond is formed by

answer

transfer of an electron from one atom to another

question

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

answer

the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

Unit 1 AP Bio Test

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