Human Biology Chapter 15 (Senses)

Aug 30th, 2023

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72 test answers

question

When blood pressure increases, what type of sensory receptor detects this?an exteroceptor called a chemoreceptoran exteroceptor called a osmoreceptoran exteroceptor called a nociceptoran interoceptor called a baroreceptoran interoceptor called a chemoreceptor

answer

an interoceptor called a baroreceptor*Interoceptors receive stimuli from inside the body. Baroreceptors respond to changes in pressure.(section 15.01)

question

Nociceptors are a type of chemoreceptor.TrueFalse

answer

true*Nociceptors (pain receptors) are a type of chemoreceptor that respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues.(section 15.01)

question

Where are thermoreceptors located?aorta and vena cavamuscles, joints, and tendonshypothalamus and skinnasal cavity and tonguesemicircular canals of the ear

answer

hypothalamus and skin*Thermoreceptors are located in the hypothalamus and skin.(section 15.01)

question

What type of exteroceptors are located in the ear?mechanoreceptorschemoreceptorsphotoreceptorsthermoreceptorsnone of these

answer

mechanoreceptors*Hair cells in the inner ear are mechanoreceptors. (section 15.01)

question

All sensory receptors initiate nerve signals.TrueFalse

answer

true*All sensory receptors do initiate nerve signals. The sensation that results depends on the part of the brain receiving the nerve signals.(section 15.01)

question

If the nerves between the eyes and the ears were switched, stimulation of the mechanoreceptors in the ear would result inhearing sounds.seeing lights.both hearing sounds and seeing lights.deafness.blindness.

answer

seeing lights.*Stimulation of the mechanoreceptors would eventually arrive in the visual cortex if the nerves were switched. Therefore, the result would be seeing lights. The individual could still hear if the receptors in the eyes were stimulated and they could hear if the receptors in the ears were stimulated.(section 15.01)

question

Taste and smell are similar in that both respond to some sort of pressure.TrueFalse

answer

false*Taste and smell both involve chemoreceptors which respond to chemical stimuli.(section 15.01)

question

The summing up of nerve signals by _____________________ is called __________________.the reticular activating system, perceptionthe cerebral cortex, sensationsensory receptors, sensationthe cerebral cortex, perceptionsensory receptors, integration

answer

sensory receptors, integration*Before sensory receptor initiate nerve signals, they also carry out integration, the summing up of signals. (section 15.01)

question

When you entered the room, there was a faint smell of smoke, but after about an hour, you no longer noticed the smell. What happened?sensory receptionsensory adaptationmechanoreceptionnociceptionthermoreception

answer

sensory adaptation*Sensory adaptation, a decrease in response to a continuing stimulus, occurred.(section 15.01)

question

Which part of the brain is involved in sensory adaptation?ventriclescerebellummedulla oblongataponsthalamus

answer

thalamus*The thalamus is the gatekeeper that passes on information to the cerebral cortex.(section 15.01)

question

What type of receptor is involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone and, thereby, the body's equilibrium and posture?proprioceptorscutaneous receptorspain receptorschemoreceptorsnociceptors

answer

proprioceptors*Proprioceptors are mechanoreceptors involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone, equilibrium, and posture.(section 15.01)

question

Golgi tendon organs are a type of cutaneous receptor for touch.TrueFalse

answer

false*Golgi tendon organs are found in tendons and decrease muscle contraction. They are a type of proprioceptor.(section 15.02)

question

Order the steps involved in the activity of a muscle spindle: 1. Muscle spindle is stretched. 2. Reflex action occurs. 3. Contraction of muscle fibers adjoining the muscle spindle. 4. Nerve signals are generated. 5. The muscle relaxes. 6. The muscle's length increases.1,6,2,4,5,32,3,1,4,5,65,6,1,4,2,32,1,6,3,4,55,1,2,4,3,6

answer

5,6,1,4,2,3*When the muscle relaxes and its length increases, the muscle spindle is stretched and nerve signals are generated. A reflex action then occurs, which results in contraction of muscle fibers adjoining the muscle spindle.(section 15.02)

question

Which of the following is not a type of cutaneous receptor?Merkel disksMeissner corpusclesKrause end bulbsPacinian corpusclesGolgi tendon organs

answer

Golgi tendon organs*Golgi tendon organs are a type of proprioceptor.(section 15.02)

question

Which of the following cutaneous receptor is mismatched with its function?Pacinian corpuscles, fine touchMeissner corpuscles, fine touchKrause end bulbs, fine touchRuffini endings, pressurefree nerve endings, temperature

answer

Pacinian corpuscles, fine touch*Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to pressure.(15.02)

question

Sensory receptors of the skin are very distinct--each one has its own function.TrueFalse

answer

false*It appears that the receptors of the skin are somewhat, but not completely, specialized(15.02)

question

Cold receptors are free nerve endings while Merkel disks are the receptors for warmth.TrueFalse

answer

false*Both cold and warmth receptors are free nerve endings, but the two types have no known structural differences.(15.02)

question

Why does a heart attack radiate pain in the left shoulder and arm?The left shoulder and arm are the first to lose their blood supply and begin to hurt.Sometimes, stimulation of internal pain receptors is felt as pain from the skin. The nerves that innervate the heart go through the left shoulder and arm before going to the spinal cord.Damage to the heart muscle results in a flood of inflammatory products carried by the blood stream to the left shoulder and arm first.The heart will close off the blood supply to the arteries that supply the left arm, leading to the pain.

answer

Sometimes, stimulation of internal pain receptors is felt as pain from the skin. *This is called referred pain. Stimulation of internal pain receptors is felt as pain from the skin, as well as the internal organs.(15.02)

question

Nociceptors are sensitive to mechanical, thermal, or electrical stimuli, or toxic substances.TrueFalse

answer

true*Any of these can cause inflammation and result in the release of chemicals by damaged tissues that activate the nociceptors.(15.02)

question

Taste cells and the carotid bodies are alike in that bothare chemoreceptors.are found in the mouth.utilize pressure to activate sensory receptors.respond to distant stimuli.respond to changes in pH.

answer

are chemoreceptors.*Both taste cells and carotid bodies are chemoreceptors(15.03)

question

Taste budsare located on the tongue, hard palate, pharynx, and epiglottis.are responsible for 100% of what we perceive as taste.respond to over 100 different types of taste.are actually naked nerve endings.have a direct connection with the limbic system and its centers for emotion and memory.

answer

are located on the tongue, hard palate, pharynx, and epiglottis.*The approximately 3000 taste buds are located primarily on the tongue, but also on the hard palate, pharynx, and epiglottis.(15.03)

question

The type of taste called umami allows us to enjoy what type of flavor?sweetsavorysoursaltybitter

answer

savory*Umami allows us to enjoy the savory flavors of certain cheeses, beef, and mushrooms.(15.03)

question

There are many more olfactory cells than there are taste buds.TrueFalse

answer

true*There are between 10 and 20 million olfactory cells and approximately 3000 taste buds.(15.03)

question

In what way are the senses of taste and smell different?Taste buds are modified neurons and olfactory cells contain a pore with supporting cells and elongated cells.Taste buds contain cilia while olfactory cells contain microvilli.Taste depends on a weighted average of all the taste messages while smell depends on the signature of olfactory cells stimulated.There are hundreds of different tastes while only 5 different smell families.The sensation of taste occurs in the spinal cord while the sensation of smell occurs in the cerebral cortex.

answer

Taste depends on a weighted average of all the taste messages while smell depends on the signature of olfactory cells stimulated.*A weighted average of all taste messages is used by the brain as the perceived taste. An odor contains many odor molecules, which activate a characteristic combination of receptor proteins.(15.03)

question

Papillae occur along the walls of the taste buds on the tongue.TrueFalse

answer

false*Taste buds occur along the walls of the papillae on the tongue(15.03)

question

Which of the following statements is not true concerning olfactory cells?Olfactory cells are located in the roof of the nasal cavity.Olfactory cells are modified neurons.Each olfactory cell has only one out of several hundred different types of receptor proteins.Each olfactory cell has its own individual neuron leading to the olfactory bulb.Olfactory cells end in a tuft of about five cilia.

answer

Each olfactory cell has its own individual neuron leading to the olfactory bulb.*Nerve fibers from similar olfactory cells lead to the same neuron in the olfactory bulb.(15.03)

question

The receptor proteins for odor molecules are actually located on cilia.TrueFalse

answer

true*Each olfactory cell ends in a tuft of about five olfactory cilia, which bear receptor proteins for odor molecules.(15.03)

question

Nerve signals from taste buds go primarily to the __________ while those for olfactory cells go primarily to the ___________.hypothalamus, thalamusthalamus, hypothalamustemporal lobe, parietal lobespinal cord, cerebral cortexparietal lobe, temporal lobe

answer

parietal lobe, temporal lobe*Taste signals reach the taste cortex, located primarily in the parietal lobe, while the olfactory cortex is located in the temporal lobe.(15.03)

question

Memories are often elicited by smell.TrueFalse

answer

true*The olfactory bulbs have direct connections with the limbic system and its centers for emotion and memory.(15.03)

question

One third of the cerebral cortex takes part in processing visual information.TrueFalse

answer

true*Researchers estimate that at least a third of the cerebral cortex takes part in processing visual information.(15.04)

question

Which of the following is not a layer or coat of the eye?sclerachoroidretinaaqueous humorcollagen fibers

answer

aqueous humor*The aqueous humor fills the eye but is not one of the layers of the eye.(15.04)

question

The rod and cone cells are located within which layer of the eye?sclerachoroidretinalensiris

answer

retina*Rod cells and cone cells are located within the retina.(15.04)

question

Which of the following structures of the eye does not touch the lens?corneasuspensory ligamentsaqueous humorvitreous humorpupil

answer

cornea*The cornea does not touch the lens. The suspensory ligaments hold the lens, which separates the anterior compartment filled with aqueous humor from the posterior compartment filled with vitreous humor.(15.04)

question

Which layer of the eye contains an extensive blood supply?sclerachoroidretinalenscornea

answer

choroid*The middle layer, the choroid, contains an extensive blood supply, and its dark pigment absorbs stray light rays.(15.04)

question

What controls the shape of the lens?ciliary musclecorneairispupilfovea centralis

answer

ciliary muscle*The ciliary muscle within the ciliary body controls the shape of the lens(15.04)

question

As you try to focus on a far away object, the lens of the eye becomes round and thick.TrueFalse

answer

false*As you view a distant object, the ciliary muscle relaxes, and the lens remains relatively flat.(15.04)

question

When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, the suspensory ligament istaut and the lens is flattened.relaxed and the lens is flattened.taut and the lens is rounded.relaxed and the lens is rounded.taut and the lens is oval.

answer

taut and the lens is flattened.*When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, this causes the suspensory ligament to become taut and the lens remains flattened.(15.04)

question

Which of the following statements is not true concerning rod and cone cells?Both have an outer segment jointed to an inner segment by a short stalk.Both contain a deep purple pigment called rhodopsin.Both have pigment molecules embedded in the membrane of the outer segment.Both contain retinal, a derivative of vitamin A.Both have synaptic vesicles at the synaptic endings of the inner segment.

answer

Both contain a deep purple pigment called rhodopsin.*Rod cells contain rhodopsin but cone cells do not.(15.04)

question

It is just a myth that eating carrots will improve your night vision.TrueFalse

answer

false*Carrots are rich in vitamin A, so it is true that eating carrots can improve your night vision.(15.04)

question

What is the correct order of cells within the retina starting in the posterior compartment and ending in the choroid?rod and cone cell layer, bipolar cell layer, ganglion cell layersclera, rod and cone cell layer, ganglion cell layerbipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layer, scleraganglion cell layer, bipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layerganglion cell layer, rod and cone cell layer, sclera

answer

ganglion cell layer, bipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layer*The ganglion cell layer is innermost (next to the posterior compartment), followed by the bipolar cell layer, and the rod and cone cell layer. The sclera is not part of the retina.(15.04)

question

Many rod cells share one bipolar cell but cone cells do not. Certain cone cells synapse with only one ganglion cell. What are the consequences of this arrangement?Rod cells distinguish color better than cone cells.Cone cells are better up close, while rod cells are better far away.Rod cells are better up close, while cone cells are better far away.Rod cells distinguish more detail than cone cells.Cone cells distinguish more detail than rod cells.

answer

Cone cells distinguish more detail than rod cells.*Cone cells, in general, distinguish more detail than rod cells due to the arrangement of the neural connections.(15.04)

question

Which of the following is a genetic mutation that affects males more than females?astigmatismfarsightednessnearsightednessred green color blindnessblindness

answer

red green color blindness*Red green color blindness is caused by a genetic mutation that affects 5-8% of the male population.(15.04)

question

Nearsighted people cannot see objects that are close.TrueFalse

answer

false*Nearsighted people can see close objects better than they can see objects at a distance.(15.04)

question

In farsightedness,the cornea is uneven.rays do not focus evenly.rays focus in front of the retina.the eyeball is shorter than normal.a concave lens corrects vision.

answer

the eyeball is shorter than normal.*In farsightedness, the eyeball is shorter than normal and rays focus behind the retina when viewing close objects.(15.04)

question

Which of the following is part of the middle ear?pinnaauditory canalmalleuscochleasemicircular canals

answer

malleus*The malleus is a bone in the middle ear.(15.05)

question

All of the parts of the inner ear are concerned with equilibrium.TrueFalse

answer

false*The semicircular canals and the vestibule are concerned with equilibrium, but the cochlea is concerned with hearing.(15.05)

question

What structures, in order, are responsible for hearing, starting with a sound wave?auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochleacochlea, tympanic membrane, auditory canal, malleus, incus, stapes, oval windowtympanic membrane, incus, stapes, malleus, oval window, cochlea, auditory canalauditory canal, oval window, stapes, incus, malleus, tympanic membrane, cochleatympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, auditory canal, cochlea, oval window

answer

auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea*Sound waves enter the auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane. This causes the malleus, incus, and stapes to vibrate. The malleus strikes the oval window, which passes pressure to the fluid of the cochlea.(15.05)

question

Which of the following is found within the cochlea?stapesspiral organtympanic membranesemicircular canalsincus

answer

spiral organ*The sense organ for hearing, called the spiral organ, is located in the cochlear canal.(15.05)

question

Hearing actually results from the bending of stereocilia.TrueFalse

answer

true*Stereocilia of the hair cells embedded in the tectorial membrane bend, and this initiates nerve signals that are interpreted as sound.(15.05)

question

How can you tell the difference between the sound of a tuba and that of a flute?Each part of the spiral organ is sensitive to different wave frequencies.The brain interprets pitches based on the strength of the sound waves.Lower pitches cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate while higher pitches vibrate the vestibular canal.Lower pitches activate all three bones of the middle ear, while higher pitches only activate one or two.The cochlear nerve fires more frequently for higher pitches and less frequently for lower pitches.

answer

Each part of the spiral organ is sensitive to different wave frequencies.*Each part of the spiral organ is sensitive to different wave frequencies. The spiral organ responds to low pitches near the tip and to higher pitches near the base.(15.05)

question

The louder a pitch, the more the basilar membrane vibrates.TrueFalse

answer

true*Loud noises cause the fluid within the vestibular canal to exert more pressure and the basilar membrane to vibrate to a greater extent.(15.05)

question

The receptors involved in our sense of equilibrium aremechanoreceptors.chemoreceptors.nociceptors.thermoreceptors.pain receptors.

answer

mechanoreceptors.*Mechanoreceptors are located within the inner ear and are responsible for our sense of balance.(15.06)

question

Which receptors are associated with the sense of equilibrium?mechanoreceptorschemoreceptorsphotoreceptorsthermoreceptorsnociceptors

answer

mechanoreceptors*Mechanoreceptors are associated with the sense of equilibrium. Chemoreceptors are associated with the sense of taste and smell. Photoreceptors are associated with the sense of vision. Thermoreceptors are associated with the sense of temperature. Nociceptors are associated with the sense of pain.(15.06)

question

The brain receives input from the proprioceptors, the eyes, and the vestibular nerve to help maintain our equilibrium.TrueFalse

answer

true*All three of these provide information to the brain about our equilibrium.(15.06)

question

Mechanoreceptors located in the auditory tubes are responsible for determining rotational equilibrium.TrueFalse

answer

false*False, mechanoreceptors in the semicircular canals are responsible for determining rotational equilibrium.(15.06)

question

Rotational and gravitational equilibrium both involve all of the following exceptstereocilia.hair cells.calcium carbonate granules.a gelatinous substance within a chamber.the vestibular nerve.

answer

calcium carbonate granules.*Only gravitational equilibrium involves calcium carbonate granules called otoliths. (15.06)

question

Which of the following is involved in rotational equilibrium?otolithssacculeutricleampullakinocilium

answer

ampulla*The ampulla is associated with involved in rotational equilibrium.(15.06)

question

Which of the following is not involved in gravitational equilibrium?vestibular nervesacculeutricleotolithscupula

answer

cupula*The cupula is involved in rotational equilibrium.(15.06)

question

If you get seasick, the rotational equilibrium pathway is confused.TrueFalse

answer

false*Seasickness is a result of confusion in the gravitational equilibrium pathway.(15.06)

question

If stereocilia move toward the kinocilium, which of the following occurs?Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve.The cupula begins to move in the same direction.Fluid within the semicircular canal flows over and displaces the cupula.The otoliths in the utricle return to their resting position.The data is sent to the medulla oblongata for processing.

answer

Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve.*Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve and the brain interprets these as motion.(15.06)

question

Gravitational equilibrium is responsible for detecting up and down movements of the head.TrueFalse

answer

true*Gravitational equilibrium detects movement in the vertical or horizontal planes.(15.06)

question

The utricle is especially sensitive to what type of movements?back and forthup and downstanding upsidespinning aroundbending over

answer

back and forth*The utricle is especially sensitive to horizontal or back and forth movements and the bending of the head.(15.06)

question

Which type of sensory receptor responds to chemicals?taste cellsrod and cone cells in the retinahair cells in the spiral organ of the inner earhair cells in the semicircular canal of the inner earhair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear

answer

taste cells*The taste cells are sensory receptors that respond to chemicals. They are classified as a chemoreceptor. Rod and cone cells in the retina respond to light. Hair cells in the spiral organ of the inner ear respond to sound waves. Hair cells in the semicircular canal of the inner ear respond to motion. Hair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear respond to gravity.(15.01)

question

Proprioceptors are classified as which type of receptor?mechanoreceptorscutaneous receptornociceptorphotoreceptorchemoreceptor

answer

mechanoreceptors*Proprioceptors are a type of mechanoreceptor.(15.02)

question

Which region of the brain contains the olfactory cortex?temporal lobefrontal lobeparietal lobebrain stempons

answer

temporal lobe*The olfactory cortex is located in the temporal lobe.(15.03)

question

What percentage of what we perceive as taste is due to smell?80 - 90%100%40 - 50%10 - 20%0%

answer

80 - 90%*80 - 90% of what we perceive as taste is due to smell.(15.03)

question

Which structure in the eye plays a role in accommodation by holding the lens in place?ciliary bodypupilscleralensoptic nerve

answer

ciliary body*The ciliary body plays a role in accommodation by holding the lens in place. The pupil admits light. The sclera protects and supports the eye. The lens refracts and focuses light rays. The optic nerve transmits impulses to the brain(15.04)

question

Which structure in the eye refracts and focuses light rays?lenshumorscone cellsretinapupil

answer

lens*The lens refracts and focuses light rays. Humors transmit light rays and support the eye. Cone cells make color vision possible. The retina contains sensory receptors for sight. The pupil admits light to the eye.(15.04)

question

Which disorder of the eye is due to an accumulation of aqueous humor?glaucomacolor blindnessnearsightednessfarsightednessastigmatism

answer

glaucoma*Glaucoma is the accumulation of aqueous humor due to the blockage of the drainage ducts in the eye. Color blindness is due to a genetic mutation in which the cones are defective or deficient. Nearsightedness is due to the shape of the eye being elongated. Farsightedness is due to the eye being shortened. An astigmatism is when the cornea or lens is uneven and images are fuzzy.(15.04)

question

Which disorder of the eye is due to the cornea or lens being uneven resulting in a fuzzy image?astigmatismglaucomacolor blindnessnearsightednessfarsightedness

answer

astigmatism*An astigmatism is when the cornea or lens is uneven and images are fuzzy. Glaucoma is the accumulation of aqueous humor due to the blockage of the drainage ducts in the eye. Color blindness is due to a genetic mutation in which the cones are defective or deficient. Nearsightedness is due to the shape of the eye being elongated. Farsightedness is due to the eye being shortened. (15.04)

question

What do nociceptors detect?stimuli of painstimuli of smellstimuli of touchstimuli of pressurestimuli of taste

answer

stimuli of pain*Nociceptors detect the stimuli of pain. Chemoreceptors detect the stimuli of smell. Cutaneous receptors detect the stimuli of touch. Mechanoreceptors detect the stimuli of pressure. Chemoreceptors detect the stimuli of taste.(15.02)

question

Which structure is associated with the outer ear?auditory canaltympanic membraneround earsemicircular canalscochlea

answer

auditory canal*The auditory canal is part of the outer ear. The tympanic membrane and round window are part of the middle ear. The semicircular canals and cochlea are part of the inner ear.(15.05)

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question

answer

an interoceptor called a baroreceptor*Interoceptors receive stimuli from inside the body. Baroreceptors respond to changes in pressure.(section 15.01)

question

Nociceptors are a type of chemoreceptor.TrueFalse

answer

true*Nociceptors (pain receptors) are a type of chemoreceptor that respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues.(section 15.01)

question

Where are thermoreceptors located?aorta and vena cavamuscles, joints, and tendonshypothalamus and skinnasal cavity and tonguesemicircular canals of the ear

answer

hypothalamus and skin*Thermoreceptors are located in the hypothalamus and skin.(section 15.01)

question

What type of exteroceptors are located in the ear?mechanoreceptorschemoreceptorsphotoreceptorsthermoreceptorsnone of these

answer

mechanoreceptors*Hair cells in the inner ear are mechanoreceptors. (section 15.01)

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question

All sensory receptors initiate nerve signals.TrueFalse

answer

true*All sensory receptors do initiate nerve signals. The sensation that results depends on the part of the brain receiving the nerve signals.(section 15.01)

question

answer

question

Taste and smell are similar in that both respond to some sort of pressure.TrueFalse

answer

false*Taste and smell both involve chemoreceptors which respond to chemical stimuli.(section 15.01)

question

answer

sensory receptors, integration*Before sensory receptor initiate nerve signals, they also carry out integration, the summing up of signals. (section 15.01)

question

answer

sensory adaptation*Sensory adaptation, a decrease in response to a continuing stimulus, occurred.(section 15.01)

question

Which part of the brain is involved in sensory adaptation?ventriclescerebellummedulla oblongataponsthalamus

answer

thalamus*The thalamus is the gatekeeper that passes on information to the cerebral cortex.(section 15.01)

question

What type of receptor is involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone and, thereby, the body's equilibrium and posture?proprioceptorscutaneous receptorspain receptorschemoreceptorsnociceptors

answer

proprioceptors*Proprioceptors are mechanoreceptors involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone, equilibrium, and posture.(section 15.01)

question

Golgi tendon organs are a type of cutaneous receptor for touch.TrueFalse

answer

false*Golgi tendon organs are found in tendons and decrease muscle contraction. They are a type of proprioceptor.(section 15.02)

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answer

question

Which of the following is not a type of cutaneous receptor?Merkel disksMeissner corpusclesKrause end bulbsPacinian corpusclesGolgi tendon organs

answer

Golgi tendon organs*Golgi tendon organs are a type of proprioceptor.(section 15.02)

question

answer

Pacinian corpuscles, fine touch*Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to pressure.(15.02)

question

Sensory receptors of the skin are very distinct--each one has its own function.TrueFalse

answer

false*It appears that the receptors of the skin are somewhat, but not completely, specialized(15.02)

question

Cold receptors are free nerve endings while Merkel disks are the receptors for warmth.TrueFalse

answer

false*Both cold and warmth receptors are free nerve endings, but the two types have no known structural differences.(15.02)

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answer

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Nociceptors are sensitive to mechanical, thermal, or electrical stimuli, or toxic substances.TrueFalse

answer

true*Any of these can cause inflammation and result in the release of chemicals by damaged tissues that activate the nociceptors.(15.02)

question

Taste cells and the carotid bodies are alike in that bothare chemoreceptors.are found in the mouth.utilize pressure to activate sensory receptors.respond to distant stimuli.respond to changes in pH.

answer

are chemoreceptors.*Both taste cells and carotid bodies are chemoreceptors(15.03)

question

answer

are located on the tongue, hard palate, pharynx, and epiglottis.*The approximately 3000 taste buds are located primarily on the tongue, but also on the hard palate, pharynx, and epiglottis.(15.03)

question

The type of taste called umami allows us to enjoy what type of flavor?sweetsavorysoursaltybitter

answer

savory*Umami allows us to enjoy the savory flavors of certain cheeses, beef, and mushrooms.(15.03)

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There are many more olfactory cells than there are taste buds.TrueFalse

answer

true*There are between 10 and 20 million olfactory cells and approximately 3000 taste buds.(15.03)

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answer

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Papillae occur along the walls of the taste buds on the tongue.TrueFalse

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false*Taste buds occur along the walls of the papillae on the tongue(15.03)

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Each olfactory cell has its own individual neuron leading to the olfactory bulb.*Nerve fibers from similar olfactory cells lead to the same neuron in the olfactory bulb.(15.03)

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The receptor proteins for odor molecules are actually located on cilia.TrueFalse

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true*Each olfactory cell ends in a tuft of about five olfactory cilia, which bear receptor proteins for odor molecules.(15.03)

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parietal lobe, temporal lobe*Taste signals reach the taste cortex, located primarily in the parietal lobe, while the olfactory cortex is located in the temporal lobe.(15.03)

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Memories are often elicited by smell.TrueFalse

answer

true*The olfactory bulbs have direct connections with the limbic system and its centers for emotion and memory.(15.03)

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One third of the cerebral cortex takes part in processing visual information.TrueFalse

answer

true*Researchers estimate that at least a third of the cerebral cortex takes part in processing visual information.(15.04)

question

Which of the following is not a layer or coat of the eye?sclerachoroidretinaaqueous humorcollagen fibers

answer

aqueous humor*The aqueous humor fills the eye but is not one of the layers of the eye.(15.04)

question

The rod and cone cells are located within which layer of the eye?sclerachoroidretinalensiris

answer

retina*Rod cells and cone cells are located within the retina.(15.04)

question

Which of the following structures of the eye does not touch the lens?corneasuspensory ligamentsaqueous humorvitreous humorpupil

answer

question

Which layer of the eye contains an extensive blood supply?sclerachoroidretinalenscornea

answer

choroid*The middle layer, the choroid, contains an extensive blood supply, and its dark pigment absorbs stray light rays.(15.04)

question

What controls the shape of the lens?ciliary musclecorneairispupilfovea centralis

answer

ciliary muscle*The ciliary muscle within the ciliary body controls the shape of the lens(15.04)

question

As you try to focus on a far away object, the lens of the eye becomes round and thick.TrueFalse

answer

false*As you view a distant object, the ciliary muscle relaxes, and the lens remains relatively flat.(15.04)

question

answer

taut and the lens is flattened.*When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, this causes the suspensory ligament to become taut and the lens remains flattened.(15.04)

question

answer

Both contain a deep purple pigment called rhodopsin.*Rod cells contain rhodopsin but cone cells do not.(15.04)

question

It is just a myth that eating carrots will improve your night vision.TrueFalse

answer

false*Carrots are rich in vitamin A, so it is true that eating carrots can improve your night vision.(15.04)

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answer

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Cone cells distinguish more detail than rod cells.*Cone cells, in general, distinguish more detail than rod cells due to the arrangement of the neural connections.(15.04)

question

Which of the following is a genetic mutation that affects males more than females?astigmatismfarsightednessnearsightednessred green color blindnessblindness

answer

red green color blindness*Red green color blindness is caused by a genetic mutation that affects 5-8% of the male population.(15.04)

question

Nearsighted people cannot see objects that are close.TrueFalse

answer

false*Nearsighted people can see close objects better than they can see objects at a distance.(15.04)

question

In farsightedness,the cornea is uneven.rays do not focus evenly.rays focus in front of the retina.the eyeball is shorter than normal.a concave lens corrects vision.

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the eyeball is shorter than normal.*In farsightedness, the eyeball is shorter than normal and rays focus behind the retina when viewing close objects.(15.04)

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Which of the following is part of the middle ear?pinnaauditory canalmalleuscochleasemicircular canals

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malleus*The malleus is a bone in the middle ear.(15.05)

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All of the parts of the inner ear are concerned with equilibrium.TrueFalse

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false*The semicircular canals and the vestibule are concerned with equilibrium, but the cochlea is concerned with hearing.(15.05)

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Which of the following is found within the cochlea?stapesspiral organtympanic membranesemicircular canalsincus

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spiral organ*The sense organ for hearing, called the spiral organ, is located in the cochlear canal.(15.05)

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Hearing actually results from the bending of stereocilia.TrueFalse

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true*Stereocilia of the hair cells embedded in the tectorial membrane bend, and this initiates nerve signals that are interpreted as sound.(15.05)

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The louder a pitch, the more the basilar membrane vibrates.TrueFalse

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true*Loud noises cause the fluid within the vestibular canal to exert more pressure and the basilar membrane to vibrate to a greater extent.(15.05)

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The receptors involved in our sense of equilibrium aremechanoreceptors.chemoreceptors.nociceptors.thermoreceptors.pain receptors.

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mechanoreceptors.*Mechanoreceptors are located within the inner ear and are responsible for our sense of balance.(15.06)

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Which receptors are associated with the sense of equilibrium?mechanoreceptorschemoreceptorsphotoreceptorsthermoreceptorsnociceptors

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The brain receives input from the proprioceptors, the eyes, and the vestibular nerve to help maintain our equilibrium.TrueFalse

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true*All three of these provide information to the brain about our equilibrium.(15.06)

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Mechanoreceptors located in the auditory tubes are responsible for determining rotational equilibrium.TrueFalse

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false*False, mechanoreceptors in the semicircular canals are responsible for determining rotational equilibrium.(15.06)

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Rotational and gravitational equilibrium both involve all of the following exceptstereocilia.hair cells.calcium carbonate granules.a gelatinous substance within a chamber.the vestibular nerve.

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calcium carbonate granules.*Only gravitational equilibrium involves calcium carbonate granules called otoliths. (15.06)

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Which of the following is involved in rotational equilibrium?otolithssacculeutricleampullakinocilium

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ampulla*The ampulla is associated with involved in rotational equilibrium.(15.06)

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Which of the following is not involved in gravitational equilibrium?vestibular nervesacculeutricleotolithscupula

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cupula*The cupula is involved in rotational equilibrium.(15.06)

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If you get seasick, the rotational equilibrium pathway is confused.TrueFalse

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false*Seasickness is a result of confusion in the gravitational equilibrium pathway.(15.06)

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Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve.*Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve and the brain interprets these as motion.(15.06)

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Gravitational equilibrium is responsible for detecting up and down movements of the head.TrueFalse

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true*Gravitational equilibrium detects movement in the vertical or horizontal planes.(15.06)

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The utricle is especially sensitive to what type of movements?back and forthup and downstanding upsidespinning aroundbending over

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back and forth*The utricle is especially sensitive to horizontal or back and forth movements and the bending of the head.(15.06)

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Proprioceptors are classified as which type of receptor?mechanoreceptorscutaneous receptornociceptorphotoreceptorchemoreceptor

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mechanoreceptors*Proprioceptors are a type of mechanoreceptor.(15.02)

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Which region of the brain contains the olfactory cortex?temporal lobefrontal lobeparietal lobebrain stempons

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temporal lobe*The olfactory cortex is located in the temporal lobe.(15.03)

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What percentage of what we perceive as taste is due to smell?80 - 90%100%40 - 50%10 - 20%0%

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80 - 90%*80 - 90% of what we perceive as taste is due to smell.(15.03)

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Which structure in the eye plays a role in accommodation by holding the lens in place?ciliary bodypupilscleralensoptic nerve

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Which structure in the eye refracts and focuses light rays?lenshumorscone cellsretinapupil

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Which disorder of the eye is due to an accumulation of aqueous humor?glaucomacolor blindnessnearsightednessfarsightednessastigmatism

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Which disorder of the eye is due to the cornea or lens being uneven resulting in a fuzzy image?astigmatismglaucomacolor blindnessnearsightednessfarsightedness

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What do nociceptors detect?stimuli of painstimuli of smellstimuli of touchstimuli of pressurestimuli of taste

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Which structure is associated with the outer ear?auditory canaltympanic membraneround earsemicircular canalscochlea

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auditory canal*The auditory canal is part of the outer ear. The tympanic membrane and round window are part of the middle ear. The semicircular canals and cochlea are part of the inner ear.(15.05)

Human Biology Chapter 15 (Senses)

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