question
What are the two main parts of the nephron? 1)A) the efferent and afferent arterioleB) the renal corpuscle and the renal tubuleC) glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorptionD) the glomerulus and the proximal convoluted tubule
answer
the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule
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Which of the following describes the order in which blood flows through the nephron? 2)A) efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arterioleB) glomerulus, afferent arteriole, efferent arterioleC) afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arterioleD) afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus
answer
afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
question
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? 3)A)afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arterioleB) maintenance of acid-base balance of the bloodC) maintenance of plasma osmolarityD) maintenance of electrolyte balance in the body
answer
afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
question
Which of the following should NOT be found in the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule? 4)A) glucose B) potassiumC) white blood cells D) sodium
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question
Which structures form the filtration membrane in the nephron? 5)A) afferent arteriole and the efferent arterioleB) afferent arteriole and the glomerular capsuleC) efferent arteriole and the glomerular capsuleD) glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
answer
glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
question
Which of the following resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate? 6)A) increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameterB) increasing the efferent arteriole diameterC) decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameterD) increasing the afferent arteriole diameterE) decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter
answer
decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diamet
question
Which of the following resulted in a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure? 7)A) decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameterB) decreasing the afferent arteriole diameterC) increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameterD) increasing the afferent arteriole diameterE) increasing the efferent arteriole diameter
answer
increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter
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What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate? 8)A) 20-40 ml/min B) 80-140 ml/minC) 1-5 ml/min D) 200-250 ml/min
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What is(are) the driving force(s) for filtration in the nephron? 9)A) hydrostatic pressure gradients, osmotic pressure gradients and Starling forcesB) osmotic pressure gradientsC) hydrostatic pressure gradients and osmotic pressure gradientsD) hydrostatic pressure gradientsE) Starling forces
answer
hydrostatic pressure gradients, osmotic pressure gradients and Starling forces
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The functions of the nephron include all of the following EXCEPT _______. 10)A) tubular secretion B) glomerular secretionC) glomerular filtration D) tubular reabsorption
answer
glomerular secretion
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In this activity, we will explore the effect of _______. 11)A) dehydration on glomerular filtration rateB) blood pressure on glomerular filtration rateC) breathing on glomerular filtration rateD) excessive waste products in the blood on glomerular filtration rate
answer
blood pressure on glomerular filtration rate
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What is the name for the ball of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle? 12)A) afferent arteriole B) glomerulusC) peritubular capillaries D) efferent arteriole
question
As the pressure in the beaker was increased, which of the following occurred? 13)A) Glomerular filtration rate decreased, and urine volume decreased.B) Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume increased.C) Glomerular filtration rate decreased, and urine volume increased.D) Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume decreased.
answer
Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume increased
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The pressure in the left source beaker simulates _______. 14)A) capsular pressure B) glomerular hydrostatic pressureC) osmotic pressure D) blood pressure
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With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed, _______. 15)A) the glomerular pressure increased B) the glomerular filtration rate was zeroC) the glomerular pressure decreased D) urine volume was zero
answer
urine volume was zero
question
With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed and with the pressureincreased, _______.16)A) the glomerular pressure increasedB) the glomerular filtration rate increasedC) the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure decreasedD) the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure increasedE) the glomerular pressure decreased
answer
the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure increased
question
Altering the radii of the afferent and efferent arterioles provides for _______. 17)A) glomerular filtration rate homeostasisB) blood pressure homeostasis and glomerular filtration rate homeostasisC) blood pressure homeostasisD) glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasisE) glomerular filtration rate homeostasis and glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasis
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glomerular filtration rate homeostasis and glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasis
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Because the alteration of the afferent or efferent arteriole occurs within the nephron, we refer to thismechanism as _______.18)A) extrinsic B) independent C) compensatory D) intrinsic
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Which of the following would decrease glomerular filtration rate? 19)A) increasing the efferent arteriole radius or decreasing the efferent arteriole radiusB) decreasing the efferent arteriole radiusC) increasing the efferent arteriole radiusD) increasing the efferent arteriole radius or decreasing the afferent arteriole radiusE) decreasing the afferent arteriole radius
answer
increasing the efferent arteriole radius or decreasing the afferent arteriole radius
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In this activity, the drain beaker (second beaker in the flow) simulates the _______. 20)A) vasa recta B) renal veinC) peritubular capillaries D) renal artery
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When the beaker pressure was lowered, which of the following decreased? 21)A) urine volumeB) glomerular filtration rateC) glomerular pressure, glomerular filtration rate and urine volumeD) glomerular pressureE) glomerular pressure and glomerular filtration rate
answer
glomerular pressure, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume
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When blood pressure increases, what changes can occur to maintain glomerular filtration rate? 22)A) constriction of the afferent arterioleB) dilation of the afferent arterioleC) dilation of the efferent arterioleD) dilation of the efferent arteriole and dilation of the afferent arterioleE) constriction of the afferent arteriole and dilation of the efferent arteriole
answer
constriction of the afferent arteriole and dilation of the efferent arteriole
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When the efferent arteriole constricts, _______. 23)A) urine volume decreasesB) the glomerular filtration rate decreasesC) the back pressure in the Bowman's capsule increasesD) the glomerular capillary pressure increases
answer
the back pressure in the Bowman's capsule increase
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Interstitial fluid is located in the _______. 24)A) tubule lumen B) glomerulusC) peritubular capillaries D) spaces surrounding the kidney tubule
answer
spaces surrounding the kidney tubule
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Secretion of ADH would _______. 25)A) decrease urine output B) decrease glomerular filtration rateC) increase urine output D) increase glomerular filtration rate
answer
decrease urine output
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The reabsorption of water and solutes _______. 26)A) depends on concentration gradientsB) is passiveC) is into the peritubular capillariesD) is passive and is into the peritubular capillariesE) is passive, depends on concentration gradients and is into the peritubular capillaries
answer
is passive, depends on concentration gradients and is into the peritubular capillaries
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When ADH is present in the filtrate, _______. 27)A) urine output increasesB) urine concentration increases and urine output increasesC) urine concentration increasesD) urine concentration decreasesE) urine concentration decreases and urine output increases
answer
urine concentration increases
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What happened to the urine volume when the solute gradient in the interstitial space wasincreased?28)A) The urine volume stayed the same. B) The urine volume increased.C) The urine volume went to zero. D) The urine volume decreased.
answer
The urine volume decreased.
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What happened to the urine concentration when the solute gradient in the interstitial space wasincreased?29)A) The urine concentration went to zero. B) The urine concentration stayed the same.C) The urine concentration decreased. D) The urine concentration increased.
answer
The urine concentration increased.
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What will happen to the urine volume if ADH is NOT added to the collecting duct? 30)A) The urine volume will increase. B) The urine volume will stay the same.C) The urine volume will decrease. D) The urine volume will go to zero.
answer
The urine volume will increase.
question
Glucose is reabsorbed _______. 31)A) through transmembrane proteinsB) into the peritubular capillariesC) by secondary active transportD) by facilitated diffusionE) All of the above are correct
answer
All of the above are correct
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Glucose reabsorption occurs in the _______. 32)A) descending limb of the loop of Henle B) collecting ductC) proximal convoluted tubule D) glomerular capsule
answer
proximal convoluted tubule
question
Glucose is transported _______. 33)A) through the basolateral membrane by cotransport with sodiumB) through the apical membrane by facilitated diffusionC) through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusionD) through the basolateral membrane by secondary active transport
answer
through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion
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As the number of glucose carriers increased, the concentration of glucose in the _______. 34)A) distal tubule increased and bladder decreasedB) distal tubule decreased and bladder decreasedC) distal tubule decreasedD) distal tubule increasedE) bladder decreased
answer
distal tubule decreased and bladder decreased
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At which concentration of glucose carriers was the glucose concentration reduced to zero? 35)A) 300 B) 100 C) 200 D) 400
question
When the glucose transport maximum is reached, _______. 36)A) glucose is excreted in the urine and all of the glucose is reabsorbedB) glucose is excreted in the urineC) glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbedD) not all of the glucose is reabsorbedE) all of the glucose is reabsorbed
answer
glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed
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ADH is produced in the _______. 37)A) hypothalamus B) posterior pituitaryC) anterior pituitary D) adrenal cortex
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The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______. 38)A) angiotensin I B) angiotensin IIC) renin D) a change in body fluid osmolarity
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The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______. 39)A) a change in body fluid osmolarity B) angiotensin IIC) angiotensin I D) renin
answer
a change in body fluid osmolarit
question
Which of the following is(are) hormones? 40)A) reninB) ADHC) aldosteroneD) ADH and aldosteroneE) ADH, aldosterone and renin
answer
ADH and aldosterone
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The addition of aldosterone _______. 41)A) decreased the urine volume to zero B) decreased the urine volumeC) resulted in no change in urine volume D) increased the urine volume
answer
decreased the urine volume
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With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______. 42)A) urine volume decreasedB) the potassium concentration increasedC) the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreasedD) the potassium concentration decreased and urine volume decreasedE) the potassium concentration decreased
answer
the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased
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The urine was the most concentrated _______. 43)A) with aldosterone without ADH B) with both ADH and aldosteroneC) without both ADH and aldosterone D) with ADH but without aldosterone
answer
with both ADH and aldosterone
question
Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume? 44)A) aldosteroneB) ADHC) Both ADH and aldosterone had an equal effect on urine volume.D) Neither ADH nor aldosterone affected urine volume.
