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Chapter 2 Human Ap

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Sep 11th, 2023
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76 test answers
question
Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of
answer
atoms
question
The atomic number of an atom equals the number of ______ and the atomic weight equals the ____.
answer
protons; number of protons plus neutrons
question
In a covalent bond
answer
atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
question
In an ionic bond
answer
oppositely charged atoms attract.
question
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
answer
cations.
question
When cations and anions meet, they
answer
form ionic bonds.
question
Water causes ionically-bonded atoms to
answer
dissociate
question
Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds.
answer
4
question
Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?
answer
Cobalt-60
question
The ______ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.
answer
thyroid gland
question
The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is
answer
iodine-131.
question
Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because
answer
radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells.
question
Exposure to ionizing radiation may
answer
cloud the lens of the eye.cause cancer.interfere with normal growth.
question
Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?
answer
Cholesterol and triglycerides
question
A CT scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is
answer
three-dimensional.
question
PET imaging follows the emission of
answer
positrons.
question
The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight.
answer
False
question
Radioactive isotopes have stable nuclei.
answer
False
question
Sodium and chloride atoms combine readily because they both lose electrons.
answer
False
question
The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron.
answer
True
question
Water is an example of a compound.
answer
True
question
An atom with 10 protons and which has lost 2 electrons is electrically neutral.
answer
False
question
Chemistry deals with
answer
the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.
question
Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because
answer
the foods that we eat are chemicals.body functions depend on cellular functions that reflect chemical changes.chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients.
question
Which of the following groups of elements accounts for more than 95% of the human body by weight?
answer
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
question
The atoms of different elements have
answer
different atomic numbers.
question
Isotopes of an element have
answer
the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
question
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
answer
neutrons.
question
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
answer
2 electrons.
question
The formula H2O refers to
answer
A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
question
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
answer
AB → A + B.
question
A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
answer
neutral.
question
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are
answer
acids.
question
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is
answer
tenfold.
question
A chemical reaction in which parts of different molecules trade positions is a(n)
answer
exchange reaction.
question
Electrolytes are substances that
answer
ionize in water.
question
The pH scale measures the
answer
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
question
A person has alkalosis if the blood pH
answer
rises above 7.5.
question
A complete atom is electrically neutral because
answer
the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
question
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
answer
growth of body parts.
question
On the pH scale
answer
a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number.the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration.pH values above 7 are basic (alkaline).
question
An acid reacting with a base is
answer
an exchange reaction.
question
Bases reacting with acids form ________ and water.
answer
salts
question
The secondary structure of a protein molecule is the result of
answer
hydrogen bonds.
question
In the body, oxygen
answer
is used during cellular respiration.
question
Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?
answer
They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.They provide much of the energy that the cell requires.They include sugars and starches.
question
A simple carbohydrate
answer
has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.
question
Lipids
answer
are insoluble in water.include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats.contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates.
question
Proteins denature when
answer
hydrogen bonds break.
question
Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats.
answer
have more single carbon-carbon bonds
question
Proteins
answer
are structural materials.can function as enzymes.contain C, H, O, and N, and sometimes S.
question
An enzyme is a ____.
answer
protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted
question
The parts of a protein that change when it denatures are
answer
the secondary and tertiary structures.
question
DNA
answer
stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates.
question
Nucleic acids are
answer
composed of building blocks called nucleotides.
question
The informational content of DNA and RNA is in the nitrogenous bases because
answer
the bases are of several types and therefore can form a code sequence.
question
Nucleic acids include
answer
RNA and DNA.
question
DNA and RNA differ in that
answer
DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein.
question
The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a
answer
nucleic acid.
question
Conformation is
answer
the three-dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein.
question
An organic compound always contains
answer
carbon and hydrogen.
question
Which of these is not a monosaccharide?
answer
Sucrose
question
Glycogen is stored in the liver and ______.
answer
skeletal muscles
question
A triglyceride consists of
answer
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol.
question
A biomarker is
answer
a body chemical associated with a particular disease or exposure to a toxin.
question
An example of a biomarker is
answer
cholesterol.
question
A biomarker test for cancer should ideally be
answer
inexpensive.easy to perform.specific.
question
Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and how matter changes.
answer
True
question
At atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion.
answer
True
question
A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base.
answer
False
question
A strong acid reacting with a strong base produces a salt.
answer
True
question
Chemically inert atoms always have their outermost electron shell full.
answer
True
question
An acid is an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
answer
False
question
A base is an electrolyte that releases ions that combine with hydrogen ions.
answer
True
question
An electrolyte ionizes in water.
answer
True
question
A person with alkalosis has a blood pH less than 7.3.
answer
False
1 of 76
question
Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of
answer
atoms
question
The atomic number of an atom equals the number of ______ and the atomic weight equals the ____.
answer
protons; number of protons plus neutrons
question
In a covalent bond
answer
atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
question
In an ionic bond
answer
oppositely charged atoms attract.
question
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
answer
cations.
question
When cations and anions meet, they
answer
form ionic bonds.
question
Water causes ionically-bonded atoms to
answer
dissociate
question
Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds.
answer
4
question
Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?
answer
Cobalt-60
question
The ______ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.
answer
thyroid gland
question
The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is
answer
iodine-131.
question
Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because
answer
radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells.
question
Exposure to ionizing radiation may
answer
cloud the lens of the eye.cause cancer.interfere with normal growth.
question
Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?
answer
Cholesterol and triglycerides
question
A CT scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is
answer
three-dimensional.
question
PET imaging follows the emission of
answer
positrons.
question
The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight.
answer
False
question
Radioactive isotopes have stable nuclei.
answer
False
question
Sodium and chloride atoms combine readily because they both lose electrons.
answer
False
question
The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron.
answer
True
question
Water is an example of a compound.
answer
True
question
An atom with 10 protons and which has lost 2 electrons is electrically neutral.
answer
False
question
Chemistry deals with
answer
the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.
question
Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because
answer
the foods that we eat are chemicals.body functions depend on cellular functions that reflect chemical changes.chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients.
question
Which of the following groups of elements accounts for more than 95% of the human body by weight?
answer
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
question
The atoms of different elements have
answer
different atomic numbers.
question
Isotopes of an element have
answer
the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
question
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
answer
neutrons.
question
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
answer
2 electrons.
question
The formula H2O refers to
answer
A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
question
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
answer
AB → A + B.
question
A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
answer
neutral.
question
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are
answer
acids.
question
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is
answer
tenfold.
question
A chemical reaction in which parts of different molecules trade positions is a(n)
answer
exchange reaction.
question
Electrolytes are substances that
answer
ionize in water.
question
The pH scale measures the
answer
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
question
A person has alkalosis if the blood pH
answer
rises above 7.5.
question
A complete atom is electrically neutral because
answer
the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
question
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
answer
growth of body parts.
question
On the pH scale
answer
a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number.the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration.pH values above 7 are basic (alkaline).
question
An acid reacting with a base is
answer
an exchange reaction.
question
Bases reacting with acids form ________ and water.
answer
salts
question
The secondary structure of a protein molecule is the result of
answer
hydrogen bonds.
question
In the body, oxygen
answer
is used during cellular respiration.
question
Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?
answer
They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.They provide much of the energy that the cell requires.They include sugars and starches.
question
A simple carbohydrate
answer
has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.
question
Lipids
answer
are insoluble in water.include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats.contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates.
question
Proteins denature when
answer
hydrogen bonds break.
question
Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats.
answer
have more single carbon-carbon bonds
question
Proteins
answer
are structural materials.can function as enzymes.contain C, H, O, and N, and sometimes S.
question
An enzyme is a ____.
answer
protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted
question
The parts of a protein that change when it denatures are
answer
the secondary and tertiary structures.
question
DNA
answer
stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates.
question
Nucleic acids are
answer
composed of building blocks called nucleotides.
question
The informational content of DNA and RNA is in the nitrogenous bases because
answer
the bases are of several types and therefore can form a code sequence.
question
Nucleic acids include
answer
RNA and DNA.
question
DNA and RNA differ in that
answer
DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein.
question
The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a
answer
nucleic acid.
question
Conformation is
answer
the three-dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein.
question
An organic compound always contains
answer
carbon and hydrogen.
question
Which of these is not a monosaccharide?
answer
Sucrose
question
Glycogen is stored in the liver and ______.
answer
skeletal muscles
question
A triglyceride consists of
answer
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol.
question
A biomarker is
answer
a body chemical associated with a particular disease or exposure to a toxin.
question
An example of a biomarker is
answer
cholesterol.
question
A biomarker test for cancer should ideally be
answer
inexpensive.easy to perform.specific.
question
Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and how matter changes.
answer
True
question
At atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion.
answer
True
question
A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base.
answer
False
question
A strong acid reacting with a strong base produces a salt.
answer
True
question
Chemically inert atoms always have their outermost electron shell full.
answer
True
question
An acid is an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
answer
False
question
A base is an electrolyte that releases ions that combine with hydrogen ions.
answer
True
question
An electrolyte ionizes in water.
answer
True
question
A person with alkalosis has a blood pH less than 7.3.
answer
False