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The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain: axons of sensory neurons. cell bodies of sensory neurons. axons of motor neurons. synapses cell bodies of motor neurons.
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cell bodies of sensory neurons
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The dorsal root of a spinal nerve containsANSWER: cell bodies of sensory neurons. axons of motor neurons. interneurons. cell bodies of motor neurons. axons of sensory neurons.
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axons of sensory neurons
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Part A The ventral root of a spinal nerve containsANSWER: interneurons. axons of sensory neurons. cell bodies of motor neurons. axons of motor neurons. cell bodies of sensory neurons.
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axons of motor neurons
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The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is theANSWER: dura mater. periosteum. pia mater. epidural block. arachnoid.
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A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form aANSWER: lumbar enlargement. spinal nerve. cervical enlargement. spinal ganglion. spinal meninx.
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In meningitis,ANSWER: bacteria can be the cause. CSF flow can be disrupted. inflammation of the meninges occurs. viruses can be the cause. All of the answers are correct.
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During the procedure known as a(n) ________, a needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space in the inferior lumbar region.
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The white matter of the spinal cord containsANSWER: sensory and motor nuclei. interneurons. bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions. both axons and dendrites. bundles of dendrites with common origins, destinations, and functions.
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bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions
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The preganglionic fibers that connect a spinal nerve with an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord and carries visceral motor fibers that are myelinated form theANSWER: dorsal ramus. white rami communicantes. ventral ramus. dermatomes. gray rami communicantes.
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white rami communicates
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The postganglionic fibers that connect an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic or lumbar region with the spinal nerve and contain postganglionic fibers that innervate glands in the body wall or limbs areANSWER: dorsal ramus. white rami communicantes. gray rami communicantes. ventral ramus. dermatomes.
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gray rami communicates
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Postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerve but formANSWER: gray rami. white rami. ventral rami. sympathetic nerves. dorsal rami.
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sympathetic nerves
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The neural wiring of a single reflex is called a(n) ________.
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The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles.ANSWER: stretch crossed extensor flexor tendon reciprocal
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Reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are called ________.
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Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?ANSWER: flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked abnormal in adults normal in newborns a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts why you close your eyes when you sneez
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why you close your eyes when you sneeze
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where is the cerebrospinal fluid located
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spaces of arachnoid mater
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which nerve carries sensory information from the visceral organs
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what root of each spinal nerve carries sensory information to the spinal cord
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regional lossof sensory or motor function due to trauma or compression
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peripheral neuropathy
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a reflex arc begins at a _________ and ends at a ______________.
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receptor, peripheral effector
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reflexes are what type of feedback?positive or negative
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in a reflex what neurons is activated first sensory or motor
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basic neural reflexes formed before birth
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rapid automatic reflexes learned motor patterns
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involuntary control of nervous system, superficial reflexes of skin, mucous membranes. skeletal muscles. stretch or deep tendon ex: patellar knee jerk
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autonomic reflexes, control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, glands, and adipose tissue
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sensory neuron synapses directly onto motor neuron is a ___________reflex. at least one interneuron between sensory and motor neuron is a __________ reflex.
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monosynaptic polysynaptic
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reflexes can be either _______ or _______. (location)
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receptors in stretch reflexes, bundles of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers
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name for axons of the motor neurons
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type of reflex that allows you to maintain normal upright position
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what type of reflex produces EPSPs or IPSPs
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reflex that prevents skeletal muscles from developing too much tension or tearing or breaking tendons
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move body part away from stimulus
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The stretch reflex of antagonistic (extensor) muscle must be inhibited (reciprocal inhibition) by interneurons in spinal cord this is known as
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reciprocal inhibition
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Occur on same side of body as stimulusStretch, tendon, and withdrawal reflexes
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where are tracts or fasciculi located
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ascending tracts carry _____________ to the _________.
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descending tracts carry _________ to the __________.
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motor commands spinal cord
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nerves that interconnect branches of spinal nerves. where dorsal and ventral roots unite.
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white and gray ramusdorsal and ventral rami
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carries visceral motor fibers to sympathetic ganglion of autonomic nervous system
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transmitters secreted by a small group of neurons diffuse through large areas of the nervous system, having an effect on multiple neurons. significant amount of time in the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)ex dopamine, seratonin
