Home Medicine Blood Ch 17 Part 2 A&P
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Blood Ch 17 Part 2 A&P

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Aug 27th, 2023
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44 test answers
question
No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.A) basophils B) monocytes C) eosinophilsD) neutrophils
answer
B) monocytes
question
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? A) vascular spasmB) platelet plug formationC) coagulationD) fibrinolysis
answer
D) fibrinolysis
question
Place the following in correct developmental sequence:1. reticulocyte2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast4. late erythroblast
answer
2, 4, 3, 1
question
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________. A) pernicious anemiaB) polycythemia C) sickle-cell anemiaD) aplastic anemia
answer
A) pernicious anemia
question
The slowest step in the clotting process is ________. A) binding fibrin strandsB) production of fibrin strandsactivatorC) release of PF3D) formation of prothrombin
answer
D) formation of prothrombin
question
Thromboembolic disorders ________.A) include thrombus formation, a clot in a broken blood vesselB) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system C) result in uncontrolled bleedingD) are caused by vitamin K deficiency
answer
B) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system
question
Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders? A) vitamin K deficiencyB) a defect in the clotting cascadeC) thrombocytopenia, a condition of decreased circulating platelets D) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
answer
D) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
question
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? A) They are phagocytic.B) They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood. C) They have cytoplasmic granules.D) They are nucleated.
answer
D) They are nucleated.
question
Which of the following is true about blood plasma?A) It contains about 20 dissolved components.B) It is the same as serum but without the clotting proteins.C) The main protein component is hemoglobin. D) It is about 90% water.
answer
D) It is about 90% water.
question
Platelets ________.A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the breakB) are the precursors of leukocytes C) have a life span of about 120 days D) have multiple nuclei
answer
A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
question
Which sequence is correct for the following events?1. fibrinogen fibrin2. clot retraction3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin thrombin
answer
3, 4, 1, 2
question
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? A) Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells.B) His blood lacks Rh factor.C) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. D) He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.
answer
C) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
question
Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by ________. A) travel at high altitude and vigorous exerciseB) vigorous exerciseC) malaria and travel at high altitude D) travel at high altitude
answer
A) travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise
question
All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.A) liver diseaseB) vitamin K deficiency C) vascular spasmD) severe hypocalcemia
answer
C) vascular spasm
question
When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? A) if the father is Rh- B) if the father is Rh+C) if the child is type O positiveD) if the child is Rh+
answer
A) if the father is Rh-
question
Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________. A) impaired formation of all formed elementsB) suppressed immunityC) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss D) bleeding disorders
answer
C) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss
question
Blood is a ________. A) suspensionB) homogeneous compound C) colloidD) heterogeneous compound
answer
A) suspension
question
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
answer
kidney
question
The formed element ________ can kill parasitic worms.
answer
eosinophil
question
A(n) ________ is a committed granular leukocyte stem cell that produces neutrophils.
answer
myeloblast
question
The rarest leukocyte is the ________.
answer
basophil
question
Potent platelet aggregates that attract more platelets to the site of an injury are ________ and ________.
answer
adenosine diphosphate (ADP); thromboxane A2
question
The universal recipient blood type is ________.
answer
AB
question
When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called ________.
answer
macrophages
question
Destruction of the hematopoietic components of red marrow leads to a condition called ________.
answer
aplastic anemia
question
________ is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected.
answer
Normoblast
question
Hemoglobin is composed of ________ polypeptide chains.
answer
four
question
List the general factors that limit normal clot growth.
answer
Rapid removal of coagulation factors and inhibition of activated clotting factors.
question
When are whole blood transfusions routinely given?
answer
When there is rapid and substantial blood loss.
question
List the most common causes of bleeding disorders.
answer
Platelet deficiency (thrombocytopenia); deficiency of procoagulants due to liver disorders; or certain genetic conditions (hemophilias).
question
List one example for each of these three functions of blood: distribution, regulation, and protection.
answer
Distribution: deliver oxygen from lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to cells, transport hormones, remove wastes. Regulation: maintain body temperature, pH, fluid volume. Protection: prevent blood loss and infection.
question
List the granulocytes and describe their granules.
answer
neutrophils: pale, indistinct; eosinophils: red; basophils: dark purple.
question
Why is iron not stored or transported in its free form? In what form(s) is it stored ortransported in blood?
answer
Because free iron is toxic to body cells, iron is stored within cells as protein-iron complexes such as ferritin and hemosiderin. It is transported loosely bound to a protein called transferrin.
question
Explain why blood is classified as a connective tissue.
answer
It has both solid (cells) and liquid (extracellular) components. The formed elements (cells) are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix (plasma). Blood develops from mesenchyme.
question
What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull, dark red?
answer
In bright red blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin (oxygenated blood). In dull, dark-red blood, oxygen has been released from the hemoglobin (deoxygenated blood).
question
Why is hemoglobin enclosed in erythrocytes rather than existing free in plasma?
answer
Enclosed within erythrocytes, hemoglobin is prevented from breaking into fragments that would leak out of the vascular system through porous capillaries. Additionally, because it's enclosed, hemoglobin cannot contribute to blood viscosity and osmotic pressure.
question
What is the buffy coat found in centrifuged whole blood?
answer
The buffy coat is a layer of centrifuged whole blood that contains leukocytes and platelets.
question
Where and how is iron stored in the body?
answer
Iron is mostly stored in hemoglobin of RBCs. Additional free ions are bound to protein-iron molecules like ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin. Ferritin and hemosiderin molecules are stored in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Transferrin transports iron in the blood.
question
Name the granulocytes and state their average percentage in whole blood.
answer
neutrophils: 5070%; eosinophils: 24%; basophils: 0.51%
question
Why would there be cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh-, her husband is Rh+, and this is their second child?
answer
If the mother was given RhoGAM before or shortly after the birth of the first child, there is little concern, because the RhoGAM prevented the mother from sensitizing herself against her child. If the second child is RH+ and she did not take RhoGAM, there is a chance the second child will develop erythroblastosis fetalis and die before birth.
question
A total WBC count and a differential WBC count have been ordered for Mrs. Johnson. What information is obtained from the differential count that the total count does not provide?
answer
The differential count determines the relative proportion of individual leukocyte types (a valuable diagnostic tool). The total WBC count indicates an increase or decrease in number of WBCs.
question
List three blood tests that might be ordered if anemia is suspected.
answer
hematocrit, complete blood count, and microscopic study of erythrocytes.
question
A patient complains of no energy, a chronic sore throat, a low-grade fever, and is tired and achy. His doctor notes an enlarged spleen upon examination. What diagnosis would you expect and what definitive test would you request?
answer
The test would be a differential white blood cell count to look for elevated numbers of monocytes and atypical lymphocytes. The diagnosis would be possible infectious mononucleosis, pending test results.
question
A man of Mediterranean ancestry goes to his doctor with the following symptoms. He is very tired all of the time. He has difficulty catching his breath after even mild exercise. His doctor orders the following tests: CBC, hematocrit, differential WBC count. The tests show immature erythrocytes, fragile erythrocytes, and less than 2 million RBCs per cubic millimeter. What would be a tentative diagnosis and suggested treatment?
answer
The diagnosis is thalassemia. The treatment is blood transfusion.
1 of 44
question
No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.A) basophils B) monocytes C) eosinophilsD) neutrophils
answer
B) monocytes
question
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? A) vascular spasmB) platelet plug formationC) coagulationD) fibrinolysis
answer
D) fibrinolysis
question
Place the following in correct developmental sequence:1. reticulocyte2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast4. late erythroblast
answer
2, 4, 3, 1
question
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________. A) pernicious anemiaB) polycythemia C) sickle-cell anemiaD) aplastic anemia
answer
A) pernicious anemia
question
The slowest step in the clotting process is ________. A) binding fibrin strandsB) production of fibrin strandsactivatorC) release of PF3D) formation of prothrombin
answer
D) formation of prothrombin
question
Thromboembolic disorders ________.A) include thrombus formation, a clot in a broken blood vesselB) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system C) result in uncontrolled bleedingD) are caused by vitamin K deficiency
answer
B) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system
question
Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders? A) vitamin K deficiencyB) a defect in the clotting cascadeC) thrombocytopenia, a condition of decreased circulating platelets D) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
answer
D) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
question
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? A) They are phagocytic.B) They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood. C) They have cytoplasmic granules.D) They are nucleated.
answer
D) They are nucleated.
question
Which of the following is true about blood plasma?A) It contains about 20 dissolved components.B) It is the same as serum but without the clotting proteins.C) The main protein component is hemoglobin. D) It is about 90% water.
answer
D) It is about 90% water.
question
Platelets ________.A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the breakB) are the precursors of leukocytes C) have a life span of about 120 days D) have multiple nuclei
answer
A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
question
Which sequence is correct for the following events?1. fibrinogen fibrin2. clot retraction3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin thrombin
answer
3, 4, 1, 2
question
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? A) Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells.B) His blood lacks Rh factor.C) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. D) He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.
answer
C) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
question
Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by ________. A) travel at high altitude and vigorous exerciseB) vigorous exerciseC) malaria and travel at high altitude D) travel at high altitude
answer
A) travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise
question
All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.A) liver diseaseB) vitamin K deficiency C) vascular spasmD) severe hypocalcemia
answer
C) vascular spasm
question
When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? A) if the father is Rh- B) if the father is Rh+C) if the child is type O positiveD) if the child is Rh+
answer
A) if the father is Rh-
question
Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________. A) impaired formation of all formed elementsB) suppressed immunityC) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss D) bleeding disorders
answer
C) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss
question
Blood is a ________. A) suspensionB) homogeneous compound C) colloidD) heterogeneous compound
answer
A) suspension
question
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
answer
kidney
question
The formed element ________ can kill parasitic worms.
answer
eosinophil
question
A(n) ________ is a committed granular leukocyte stem cell that produces neutrophils.
answer
myeloblast
question
The rarest leukocyte is the ________.
answer
basophil
question
Potent platelet aggregates that attract more platelets to the site of an injury are ________ and ________.
answer
adenosine diphosphate (ADP); thromboxane A2
question
The universal recipient blood type is ________.
answer
AB
question
When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called ________.
answer
macrophages
question
Destruction of the hematopoietic components of red marrow leads to a condition called ________.
answer
aplastic anemia
question
________ is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected.
answer
Normoblast
question
Hemoglobin is composed of ________ polypeptide chains.
answer
four
question
List the general factors that limit normal clot growth.
answer
Rapid removal of coagulation factors and inhibition of activated clotting factors.
question
When are whole blood transfusions routinely given?
answer
When there is rapid and substantial blood loss.
question
List the most common causes of bleeding disorders.
answer
Platelet deficiency (thrombocytopenia); deficiency of procoagulants due to liver disorders; or certain genetic conditions (hemophilias).
question
List one example for each of these three functions of blood: distribution, regulation, and protection.
answer
Distribution: deliver oxygen from lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to cells, transport hormones, remove wastes. Regulation: maintain body temperature, pH, fluid volume. Protection: prevent blood loss and infection.
question
List the granulocytes and describe their granules.
answer
neutrophils: pale, indistinct; eosinophils: red; basophils: dark purple.
question
Why is iron not stored or transported in its free form? In what form(s) is it stored ortransported in blood?
answer
Because free iron is toxic to body cells, iron is stored within cells as protein-iron complexes such as ferritin and hemosiderin. It is transported loosely bound to a protein called transferrin.
question
Explain why blood is classified as a connective tissue.
answer
It has both solid (cells) and liquid (extracellular) components. The formed elements (cells) are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix (plasma). Blood develops from mesenchyme.
question
What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull, dark red?
answer
In bright red blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin (oxygenated blood). In dull, dark-red blood, oxygen has been released from the hemoglobin (deoxygenated blood).
question
Why is hemoglobin enclosed in erythrocytes rather than existing free in plasma?
answer
Enclosed within erythrocytes, hemoglobin is prevented from breaking into fragments that would leak out of the vascular system through porous capillaries. Additionally, because it's enclosed, hemoglobin cannot contribute to blood viscosity and osmotic pressure.
question
What is the buffy coat found in centrifuged whole blood?
answer
The buffy coat is a layer of centrifuged whole blood that contains leukocytes and platelets.
question
Where and how is iron stored in the body?
answer
Iron is mostly stored in hemoglobin of RBCs. Additional free ions are bound to protein-iron molecules like ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin. Ferritin and hemosiderin molecules are stored in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Transferrin transports iron in the blood.
question
Name the granulocytes and state their average percentage in whole blood.
answer
neutrophils: 5070%; eosinophils: 24%; basophils: 0.51%
question
Why would there be cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh-, her husband is Rh+, and this is their second child?
answer
If the mother was given RhoGAM before or shortly after the birth of the first child, there is little concern, because the RhoGAM prevented the mother from sensitizing herself against her child. If the second child is RH+ and she did not take RhoGAM, there is a chance the second child will develop erythroblastosis fetalis and die before birth.
question
A total WBC count and a differential WBC count have been ordered for Mrs. Johnson. What information is obtained from the differential count that the total count does not provide?
answer
The differential count determines the relative proportion of individual leukocyte types (a valuable diagnostic tool). The total WBC count indicates an increase or decrease in number of WBCs.
question
List three blood tests that might be ordered if anemia is suspected.
answer
hematocrit, complete blood count, and microscopic study of erythrocytes.
question
A patient complains of no energy, a chronic sore throat, a low-grade fever, and is tired and achy. His doctor notes an enlarged spleen upon examination. What diagnosis would you expect and what definitive test would you request?
answer
The test would be a differential white blood cell count to look for elevated numbers of monocytes and atypical lymphocytes. The diagnosis would be possible infectious mononucleosis, pending test results.
question
A man of Mediterranean ancestry goes to his doctor with the following symptoms. He is very tired all of the time. He has difficulty catching his breath after even mild exercise. His doctor orders the following tests: CBC, hematocrit, differential WBC count. The tests show immature erythrocytes, fragile erythrocytes, and less than 2 million RBCs per cubic millimeter. What would be a tentative diagnosis and suggested treatment?
answer
The diagnosis is thalassemia. The treatment is blood transfusion.