question
The nonspecific ascending pathways ________.A) are evolutionarily newer than the specific pathwaysB) receive inputs from a single type of sensory receptorC) are involved in the emotional aspects of perceptionD) are also called the lemniscal system
answer
C) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception
question
The superchiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________.A) ponsB) thalamusC) hypothalamusD) medulla
question
Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________.A) midbrainB) medullaC) ponsD) cerebrum
question
The arbor vitae refers to ________.A) cerebellar gray matterB) cerebellar white matterC) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellumD) flocculonodular nodes
answer
B) cerebellar white matter
Don’t waste time
You can get a custom paper by one of our expert writers.
Get your custom essay
Helping students since 2015
question
The brain stem consists of the ________.A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medullaB) midbrain, medulla, and ponsC) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrainD) midbrain only
answer
B) midbrain, medulla, and pons
question
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.A) prefrontal lobeB) frontal lobeC) temporal lobeD) parietal lobe
question
Spinocerebellar tracts ________.A) terminate in the spinal cordB) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellumC) give rise to conscious experience of perceptionD) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
answer
B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
question
The spinal cord has gray matter on the ________.A) outside, white matter on the inside, and a dorsal motor rootB) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor rootC) inside, white matter on the outside, and a dorsal motor rootD) outside, white matter on the inside, and a ventral motor root
answer
B) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root
question
The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?A) arachnoid and epiduraB) arachnoid and piaC) arachnoid and duraD) dura and epidura
answer
B) arachnoid and pia
question
The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.A) ponsB) medullaC) midbrainD) cerebrum
question
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cordB) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cordC) the thalamusD) sympathetic ganglia
answer
A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
question
The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the ________.A) central fissureB) longitudinal fissureC) parieto-occipital fissureD) lateral fissure
answer
B) longitudinal fissure
question
The limbic association area of the multimodal association areas provides our ________.A) emotional impactB) working memoryC) recall and personalityD) learning abilities
answer
A) emotional impact
question
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.A) sulcusB) fissureC) gyrusD) furrow
question
The cerebrospinal fluid ________.A) is secreted by the arachnoid villiB) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid spaceC) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventriclesD) is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
answer
D) is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
question
If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly ________.A) the spinal cord may be affectedB) the cranial nerves would not formC) the hindbrain would not be presentD) the telencephalon would cease development
answer
A) the spinal cord may be affected
question
The central sulcus separates which lobes?A) frontal from parietalB) parietal from occipitalC) temporal from parietalD) frontal from temporal
answer
A) frontal from parietal
question
Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________.A) anterior spinothalamicB) reticulospinalC) lateral spinothalamicD) posterior spinothalamic
answer
C) lateral spinothalamic
question
Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?A) cell bodiesB) dendritesC) unmyelinated axonsD) fiber tracts
question
The hypothalamus ________.A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperatureB) is an important auditory and visual relay centerC) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structureD) mediates sensations
answer
A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature
question
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.A) myelinated nerve fibers onlyB) unmyelinated nerve fibers onlyC) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibersD) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
answer
C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
question
A lateral tract in the spinal cord would be ________.A) rubrospinalB) vestibulospinalC) tectospinalD) pyramidal
question
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.A) paraplegiaB) hemiplegiaC) quadriplegiaD) spinal shock only
question
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.A) upper motor neuronsB) lower motor neuronsC) spinal nerve rootsD) neuromotor junction
answer
A) upper motor neurons
question
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.A) gyriB) sulciC) fissuresD) ganglia
question
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.A) longitudinal fissureB) lateral sulcusC) central sulcusD) cranial fossa
question
Brodmannʹs numbering refers to ________.A) molecular weight of types of neuronsB) counts of neurons per fiber bundleC) structurally distinct cortical areasD) rates of neural division in embryogenesis
answer
C) structurally distinct cortical areas
question
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.A) pyramidal and corticospinalB) extrapyramidal and rubrospinalC) segmental and nigrostriatalD) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
answer
A) pyramidal and corticospinal
question
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.A) calcarine cortexB) primary visual areaC) visual association areaD) lateral geniculate body
answer
C) visual association area
question
Brocaʹs area ________.A) corresponds to Brodmannʹs area 8B) is usually found in the right hemisphereC) serves the recognition of complex objectsD) is considered a motor speech area
answer
D) is considered a motor speech area
question
The function of commissures is to connect ________.A) adjacent areas of gray matter within a cerebral hemisphereB) corresponding areas of the two hemispheresC) areas of cortex with lower centersD) pyramidal cells with corresponding cerebellar cells
answer
B) corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
question
The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.A) metabolic waste such as ureaB) nutrients such as glucoseC) alcoholD) anesthetics
answer
A) metabolic waste such as urea
question
Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei?A) putamenB) lentiform nucleusC) globus pallidusD) substantia nigra
answer
D) substantia nigra
question
All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________.A) hippocampusB) cingulate gyrusC) amygdaloid nucleusD) caudate nucleus
answer
D) caudate nucleus
question
Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?A) third ventricleB) cerebral pedunclesC) corpora quadrigeminaD) red nucleus
answer
A) third ventricle
question
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________.A) consolidationB) automatic memoryC) long-term memoryD) rehearsal
question
An electroencephalogram ________.A) is a record of total body electrical activityB) indicates a normal frequency range of 1-30 HzC) indicates an average amplitude of 20-100 VD) can only detect abnormal electrical activity
answer
B) indicates a normal frequency range of 1-30 Hz
question
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.A) thalamusB) reticular formationC) pyramidsD) limbic system
answer
B) reticular formation
question
Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?A) glucoseB) red blood cellsC) potassiumD) protein
answer
B) red blood cells
question
REM sleep is associated with ________.A) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressureB) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortexC) temporary skeletal muscle paralysis, except for the extrinsic eye musclesD) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex
answer
C) temporary skeletal muscle paralysis, except for the extrinsic eye muscles
question
Mr. Hom was injured in an accident that completely severed his spinal cord at the level of T12. You would expect to find all of the following except ________.A) paralysis of the lower extremitiesB) loss of sensation below the level of injuryC) slurred speechD) perspiration in the affected area
question
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________.A) pathologic sleepB) loss of body temperature controlC) production of excessive quantities of urineD) loss of proprioception
answer
D) loss of proprioception
question
White matter of the spinal cord ________.A) is composed of myelinated fibers onlyB) ascends to higher PNS centersC) has afferent fibers carrying impulses from peripheral sensory receptorsD) contains the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
answer
D) contains the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
question
Which statement about aging is most accurate?A) The brain reaches its maximum weight around the seventh decade of life.B) Synaptic connections are too fixed to permit a great deal of learning after the age of 35.C) Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life.D) Learning throughout the adult and aging years is supported primarily by glial proliferation.
answer
C) Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life.
question
Which association is most accurate?A) sensory-anteriorB) motor-medialC) sensory-medialD) motor-anterior
question
Brain wave amplitude ________.A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronouslyB) is an average of about 1 VC) results from subtraction of delta waves from theta wavesD) is the measure of activity of specific individual neurons
answer
A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously
question
Declarative memory is not stored in the ________.A) hippocampusB) amygdalaC) thalamusD) mammillary body
answer
D) mammillary body
question
Huntingtonʹs disease ________.A) begins to appear at ages 10 to 15B) has symptoms that are the opposite of Parkinsonʹs diseaseC) usually subsides by ages 35 to 40D) may be a result of a defective 26th chromosome
answer
B) has symptoms that are the opposite of Parkinsonʹs disease
question
The corpus striatum plays a special role in ________.A) face recognitionB) fact learningC) spatial learningD) skill learning
question
Storing information in long-term memory ________.A) depends on the remaining capacity of long-term memoryB) is interfered with by emotional arousalC) is facilitated by the release of norepinephrineD) is always dependent on the formation of conscious impressions
answer
C) is facilitated by the release of norepinephrine
question
Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.A) red nucleiB) vestibular nucleiC) reticular nucleiD) superior colliculi
answer
B) vestibular nuclei
question
Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?A) hippocampusB) medullaC) amygdalaD) prefrontal cortex
question
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.A) olfactory cortexB) gusatory cortexC) vestibular cortexD) visceral sensory area
answer
D) visceral sensory area
question
Which statement about coma is true?A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.B) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.C) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.D) Coma is rarely caused by damage to brain stem structures.
answer
A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.
question
Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.A) Huntingtonʹs diseaseB) Parkinsonʹs diseaseC) cerebellar diseaseD) spinal cord disease
answer
B) Parkinsonʹs disease
question
Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?A) contusionB) concussionC) hemorrhageD) swelling
question
Declarative memory ________.A) is the ability to learn specific informationB) is best remembered in the doingC) is hard to unlearn when learned onceD) usually involves motor skills
answer
A) is the ability to learn specific information
question
Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?A) postcentral gyrusB) gustatory cortexC) red nucleiD) Wernickeʹs area
question
Which statement is not true?A) Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood, level off, then decline again in old age.B) Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep.C) Ten-year-olds are in REM sleep about 1.5-2 hours per night.D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
answer
D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
question
Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?A) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.B) Petit mal epilepsy typically begins in adolescence and is often severely disabling.C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.D) The aura in grand mal epilepsy typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.
answer
C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.
question
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception of the ________.A) corpus callosumB) cerebral cortexC) corticospinal tractsD) outer surface of the spinal cord
answer
B) cerebral cortex
question
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________.A) spinal cordB) medullaC) thalamusD) somatosensory cortex
question
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.A) spinal cordB) premotor cortexC) primary motor cortexD) rubrospinal tracts
answer
B) premotor cortex
question
________ waves are not normal for adults but are common for children.A) AlphaB) BetaC) DeltaD) Theta
