A&P Exam 2

Nov 12th, 2023

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108 test answers

question

Lymphangitis is caused by ______.

answer

an infection

question

Lymphedema may be treated by all EXCEPT which of the following?

answer

bed rest to allow enhanced blood flow and therefore healing of the affected area

question

Hypoalbuminemia is a medical condition in which blood plasma levels of albumin are abnormally low. One reason for this disorder is an increased movement of blood plasma albumin into the interstitial space through leaky capillaries. How would this condition affect the volume of lymph that's produced?

answer

It would increase lymph volume.

question

Which of the following distinguishes lymphatic vessels from veins?

answer

permeability of the walls

question

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

answer

The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood.

question

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT used to propel lymph through lymphatic vessels?

answer

small heart-like pumps

question

Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. What is the unique structural modification that increases their permeability?

answer

minivalves

question

Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries?

answer

increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of lymphangitis?

answer

inflamed and painful lymphatic vessels

question

Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region?

answer

thoracic duct

question

Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct?

answer

the right upper limb, the right side of the head, and the thorax

question

What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk return lymph?

answer

cisterna chyli

question

The thoracic duct runs parallel and close to all of the following EXCEPT the __________.

answer

iliac arteries

question

Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes?

answer

the cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions

question

Which of the following vessels delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein?

answer

thoracic duct

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

answer

to participate in gas exchange at capillaries

question

Which statement describes the origin of lymph fluid?

answer

Lymph is excess fluid formed from plasma that accumulates in the tissues as interstitial fluid

question

Lymphatic collecting vessels originate in which of the following areas?

answer

capillary beds

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels?

answer

Veins have fewer internal valves than lymphatic vessels.

question

Once collected, lymph ultimately drains into __________.

answer

venous circulation

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

answer

blood vessels

question

What is the function of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries?

answer

increase permeability

question

Lymph transport involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.

answer

smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

answer

erythrocytes

question

Lymphatic capillaries are present in ________.

answer

digestive organs

question

Which of the following is NOT a method that maintains lymph flow?

answer

capillary smooth muscle contraction

question

Which of the following is NOT a normal component of lymph?

answer

red blood cells

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

answer

transporting respiratory gases

question

From the right leg, lymph moves in which order?

answer

right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein

question

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels.

answer

trunks

question

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with legs of drastically different sizes. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg?

answer

The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

question

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed?

answer

Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

question

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

answer

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

question

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

answer

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

question

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

answer

right lymphatic duct

question

Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart.

answer

false

question

When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.

answer

true

question

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.

answer

false

question

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

answer

true

question

Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments.

answer

true

question

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.

answer

true

question

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

answer

true

question

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.

answer

true

question

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.

answer

true

question

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.

answer

true

question

Besides lymph nodes, where would you expect to find proliferating (dividing) B cells?

answer

in the spleen

question

Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age?

answer

thymus

question

The thymus is most active during ________.

answer

childhood

question

The thymus functions strictly in maturation of B cells.

answer

false

question

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.

answer

false

question

Where are Peyer's patches located?

answer

distal portion of the small intestine

question

Which of the following organs or locations do(es) NOT contain MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

answer

mesentery of the small intestine

question

Of the following lymphoid organs, which is/are structurally simplest and lack(s) a complete capsule?

answer

tonsils

question

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________ that trap bacteria and particulate matter.

answer

tonsillar crypts

question

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

answer

lingual tonsils

question

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

answer

islets of Langerhans

question

Peyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the ________.

answer

small intestine

question

Which of the following does NOT contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

answer

thymus

question

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

answer

tonsil

question

Peyer's patches are mucosa-associated lymph tissue located in the __________.

answer

wall of the small intestine

question

The __________ tonsils are also called the adenoids.

answer

pharyngeal

question

Which of the following lymph organs is NOT matched with its function?

answer

Peyer's patches: mature B cells

question

Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged?

answer

pharyngeal tonsil

question

Tonsillar crypts are invaginations deep into the interior of the tonsil. What structure(s), found in most other lymphoid organs, is/are missing from the tonsil that allows for the presence of these crypts?

answer

capsule

question

What anatomical area(s) is/are protected by the tubal tonsils?

answer

the passage from the pharynx to the middle ear

question

Which lymphoid organ is primarily active during the early years of life?

answer

thymus- b

question

Which lymphoid organ extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood in addition to storing some of the breakdown products for later reuse?

answer

spleen

question

Which of these lymphoid organs is the thymus?

answer

question

Which of these lymphoid organs destroys bacteria before it can breach the intestinal wall and generates memory lymphocytes for long-term memory?

answer

question

Which of these lymphatic organs is organized with trabeculae and compartments containing white pulp and red pulp?

answer

spleen

question

Which lymph cells produce antibodies?

answer

plasma cells

question

Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs do(es) NOT contain reticular connective tissue?

answer

thymus

question

Which of the following lymphoid cells trap antigens and transport them to lymph nodes?

answer

dendritic cells

question

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymph organ?

answer

thymus

question

Which lymphoid organ(s) serve(s) as the site where B lymphocytes become immunocompetent B cells?

answer

red bone marrow

question

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ?

answer

pancreas

question

Which cells are the main warriors of the immune system?

answer

lymphocytes

question

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?

answer

thymus

question

Lymphocytes can develop and mature in the ________.

answer

red bone marrow

question

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

answer

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

question

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

answer

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

question

The lymphatic capillaries are ________.

answer

more permeable than blood capillaries

question

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.

answer

true

question

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

answer

true

question

Within buboes, bacteria are directly attacked by ______.

answer

macrophages

question

The filtration of lymph and activation of the immune system are the two basic functions of the __________.

answer

lymph nodes

question

Which of the following is an INACCURATE statement regarding lymph nodes?

answer

Immune system cells are only located in the cortex.

question

What region of the lymph node contains follicles filled with dividing B cells?

answer

cortex

question

Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?

answer

They filter lymph.

question

Lymph arrives at the lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels.

answer

true

question

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ________.

answer

lymph nodes

question

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________.

answer

lower extremities

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

answer

produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

question

Flow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to ________.

answer

fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it

question

The most important of the secondary lymphoid organs in the body are the lymph nodes.

answer

true

question

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

answer

efferent lymphatic vessels

question

What is a bubo?

answer

an infected lymph node

question

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.

answer

false

question

Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function?

answer

white pulp

question

What vessel serves as the source of the spleen's blood supply from the aorta?

answer

celiac trunk

question

where is the spleen located

answer

in the left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach

question

Which lymphoid organ(s) serve(s) in immune surveillance and blood cell recycling?

answer

spleen

question

Functions of the spleen include all of those below EXCEPT ________.

answer

forming crypts that trap bacteria

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen?

answer

Red pulp is where immune functions take place

question

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

answer

plasma cells

question

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself

answer

true

question

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.

answer

false

question

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.

answer

false

1 of 108

question

Lymphangitis is caused by ______.

answer

an infection

question

Lymphedema may be treated by all EXCEPT which of the following?

answer

bed rest to allow enhanced blood flow and therefore healing of the affected area

question

answer

It would increase lymph volume.

question

Which of the following distinguishes lymphatic vessels from veins?

answer

permeability of the walls

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question

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

answer

The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood.

question

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT used to propel lymph through lymphatic vessels?

answer

small heart-like pumps

question

Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. What is the unique structural modification that increases their permeability?

answer

minivalves

question

Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries?

answer

increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of lymphangitis?

answer

inflamed and painful lymphatic vessels

question

Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region?

answer

thoracic duct

question

Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct?

answer

the right upper limb, the right side of the head, and the thorax

question

What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk return lymph?

answer

cisterna chyli

question

The thoracic duct runs parallel and close to all of the following EXCEPT the __________.

answer

iliac arteries

question

Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes?

answer

the cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions

question

Which of the following vessels delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein?

answer

thoracic duct

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

answer

to participate in gas exchange at capillaries

question

Which statement describes the origin of lymph fluid?

answer

Lymph is excess fluid formed from plasma that accumulates in the tissues as interstitial fluid

question

Lymphatic collecting vessels originate in which of the following areas?

answer

capillary beds

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels?

answer

Veins have fewer internal valves than lymphatic vessels.

question

Once collected, lymph ultimately drains into __________.

answer

venous circulation

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

answer

blood vessels

question

What is the function of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries?

answer

increase permeability

question

Lymph transport involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.

answer

smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

answer

erythrocytes

question

Lymphatic capillaries are present in ________.

answer

digestive organs

question

Which of the following is NOT a method that maintains lymph flow?

answer

capillary smooth muscle contraction

question

Which of the following is NOT a normal component of lymph?

answer

red blood cells

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

answer

transporting respiratory gases

question

From the right leg, lymph moves in which order?

answer

right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein

question

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels.

answer

trunks

question

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with legs of drastically different sizes. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg?

answer

The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

question

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed?

answer

Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

question

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

answer

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

question

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

answer

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

question

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

answer

right lymphatic duct

question

Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart.

answer

false

question

When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.

answer

true

question

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.

answer

false

question

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

answer

true

question

Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments.

answer

true

question

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.

answer

true

question

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

answer

true

question

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.

answer

true

question

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.

answer

true

question

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.

answer

true

question

Besides lymph nodes, where would you expect to find proliferating (dividing) B cells?

answer

in the spleen

question

Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age?

answer

thymus

question

The thymus is most active during ________.

answer

childhood

question

The thymus functions strictly in maturation of B cells.

answer

false

question

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.

answer

false

question

Where are Peyer's patches located?

answer

distal portion of the small intestine

question

Which of the following organs or locations do(es) NOT contain MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

answer

mesentery of the small intestine

question

Of the following lymphoid organs, which is/are structurally simplest and lack(s) a complete capsule?

answer

tonsils

question

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________ that trap bacteria and particulate matter.

answer

tonsillar crypts

question

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

answer

lingual tonsils

question

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

answer

islets of Langerhans

question

Peyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the ________.

answer

small intestine

question

Which of the following does NOT contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

answer

thymus

question

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

answer

tonsil

question

Peyer's patches are mucosa-associated lymph tissue located in the __________.

answer

wall of the small intestine

question

The __________ tonsils are also called the adenoids.

answer

pharyngeal

question

Which of the following lymph organs is NOT matched with its function?

answer

Peyer's patches: mature B cells

question

Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged?

answer

pharyngeal tonsil

question

answer

capsule

question

What anatomical area(s) is/are protected by the tubal tonsils?

answer

the passage from the pharynx to the middle ear

question

Which lymphoid organ is primarily active during the early years of life?

answer

thymus- b

question

Which lymphoid organ extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood in addition to storing some of the breakdown products for later reuse?

answer

spleen

question

Which of these lymphoid organs is the thymus?

answer

question

Which of these lymphoid organs destroys bacteria before it can breach the intestinal wall and generates memory lymphocytes for long-term memory?

answer

question

Which of these lymphatic organs is organized with trabeculae and compartments containing white pulp and red pulp?

answer

spleen

question

Which lymph cells produce antibodies?

answer

plasma cells

question

Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs do(es) NOT contain reticular connective tissue?

answer

thymus

question

Which of the following lymphoid cells trap antigens and transport them to lymph nodes?

answer

dendritic cells

question

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymph organ?

answer

thymus

question

Which lymphoid organ(s) serve(s) as the site where B lymphocytes become immunocompetent B cells?

answer

red bone marrow

question

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ?

answer

pancreas

question

Which cells are the main warriors of the immune system?

answer

lymphocytes

question

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?

answer

thymus

question

Lymphocytes can develop and mature in the ________.

answer

red bone marrow

question

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

answer

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

question

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

answer

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

question

The lymphatic capillaries are ________.

answer

more permeable than blood capillaries

question

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.

answer

true

question

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

answer

true

question

Within buboes, bacteria are directly attacked by ______.

answer

macrophages

question

The filtration of lymph and activation of the immune system are the two basic functions of the __________.

answer

lymph nodes

question

Which of the following is an INACCURATE statement regarding lymph nodes?

answer

Immune system cells are only located in the cortex.

question

What region of the lymph node contains follicles filled with dividing B cells?

answer

cortex

question

Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?

answer

They filter lymph.

question

Lymph arrives at the lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels.

answer

true

question

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ________.

answer

lymph nodes

question

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________.

answer

lower extremities

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

answer

produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

question

Flow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to ________.

answer

fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it

question

The most important of the secondary lymphoid organs in the body are the lymph nodes.

answer

true

question

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

answer

efferent lymphatic vessels

question

What is a bubo?

answer

an infected lymph node

question

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.

answer

false

question

Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function?

answer

white pulp

question

What vessel serves as the source of the spleen's blood supply from the aorta?

answer

celiac trunk

question

where is the spleen located

answer

in the left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach

question

Which lymphoid organ(s) serve(s) in immune surveillance and blood cell recycling?

answer

spleen

question

Functions of the spleen include all of those below EXCEPT ________.

answer

forming crypts that trap bacteria

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen?

answer

Red pulp is where immune functions take place

question

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

answer

plasma cells

question

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself

answer

true

question

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.

answer

false

question

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.

answer

false

A&P Exam 2

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