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The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
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The term hypotonic hydration refers to
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A CONDITION THAT MAY RESULT FROM RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
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Hypoproteinenemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by
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Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid
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Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart, the influence of this hormone is
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REDUCE BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD VOLUME BY INHIBITING SODIUM AND WATER RETENTION
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Respiratory acidosis can occur when
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A PERSON'S BREATHING IS SHALLOW DUE TO OBSTRUCTION
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Which of the following two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems
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Which of the choices is not an essential role of salts in the body?
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ANABOLISM OF PROTEINS
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Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
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The fluid link between the external and internal environment
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Newborn infants have a relatively higher___content in their ECF than adults do
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Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ___ is found in the intracellular fluid
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Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids
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POTASSIUM MAINLY IN THE CELLS, SODIUM IN THE BODY FLUIDS
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Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because their
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INEFFICIENT KIDNEYS
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The single most important factor in influencing potassium ion secretion is
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POTASSIUM ION CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD PLASMA
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The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the___buffer system
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A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia
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RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
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The movement of fluids between cell compartments
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IS REGULATED BY OSMOTIC AND HYDROSTATIC FORCES
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What hormone reduces bp and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention
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ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
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Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood
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Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system
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Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except
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Which of the following statement is true reguarding fluid shifts?
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ELECTROLYTES HAVE GREATER OSMOTIC POWER THAN NONELECTROLYTES
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Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys
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antidiuretic hormone
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The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of
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THE CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY VENTILATION
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Which of the following is not a disorder of water imbalance
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EXCESSIVE HYDRATION DUE TO EXCESS ADH SECRETION
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The regulation of sodium___
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Select the correct statement about renal mechanisms of acid-base balance
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KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS
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Blood analysis indicates a low pH and the patient is breathing rapidly
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METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
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A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH is high
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METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
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One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is
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A RISE IN PLASMA OSMOLARITY
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Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted fries, pickled eggs, and cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology
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THERE WILL BE A TEMPORARY INCREASE IN BLOOD VOLUME
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The most important force causeing net water flow across capillary walls is
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HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF CAPILLARY BLOOD
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Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes
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AMOUNT OF BODY FAT
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The regulation of potassium balance___
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INVOLVES ALDOSTERONE
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Sodium ions are highest in
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Potassium ions are highest in
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INTRACELLULAR FLUID
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Phosphate ions are highest in
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INTRACELLULAR FLUID
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Bicarbonate ions are highest in
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INTERSTITIAL FLUID
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Proteins are highest in
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INTRACELLULAR FLUID
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Dissociate in water:
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Do not dissociate:
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The fluid compartments outside the cell:
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Fluid compartments within cell
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Spaces between cells
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Magnesium excess
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Calcium depletion
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A condtion due to excess water
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Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid
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A disorder entailing deficient mineralocorticoid hormone production
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A condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins resulting in tissue edema
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An atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
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Potassium excess
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Sodium depletion
